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. 2024 Mar 14;121(12):e2319582121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2319582121

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Infectivity of VmNSRV1 in plants. (A) N. benthamiana plant mechanically inoculated with purified VmNSRV1 fractions. Plants were photographed at 14 dpi. Arrows indicate the inoculated leaves. (B) RNA blot detection of VmNSRV1 RNA3 accumulation in the upper leaves of N. benthamiana plants described in (A). Leaves were harvested at 14 dpi. (C) Apple plant (Malus domestica) mechanically inoculated with purified VmNSRV1 fraction. Plants were photographed at 28 dpi. Arrows indicate the inoculated leaves. (D) RT-PCR detection of VmNSRV1 RNA2 and RNA3 accumulation in the upper leaves of apple plants described in (C). Leaves were harvested at 28 dpi. (E) Immunoblot analysis of the protein fractions from noninoculated upper leaves of virus-free and VmNSRV1-infected N. benthamiana and M. domestica. Immunoblotting was carried out using an antibody specific to the VmNSRV1 N protein. (F) RT-PCR detection of VmNSRV1 RNA2 and RNA3 accumulation in the upper leaves of field-grown apple trees. Primers specific for M. domestica 18S rRNA and V. mali ITS were used as a plant reference gene or to confirm the absence of V. mali in leaf samples, respectively. (G) Detection rate of VmNSRV1 in apple trees grown in orchards located in two counties of Shaanxi Province, China. VmNSRV1 detection was performed as described in (F).