Table 3.
GRADE profile of evidence.
| Quality assessment | Summary of findings | Quality of evidence | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Number of participants in experiment/control | WMD (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | |
| HbA1c | No serious limitations | Serious limitationa | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | 238/236 | -0.44 (-0.84, -0.05) | 76.13 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ◯ Moderate |
|
| |||||||||
| FBG | No serious limitations | No serious limitations | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | 242/241 | -0.10 (-0.28, 0.08) | 0.50 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ High |
|
| |||||||||
| HOMA-IR | No serious limitations | No serious limitations | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | 227/230 | -0.27 (-0.45, 0.08) | 0.00 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ High |
|
| |||||||||
| Insulin | No serious limitations | No serious limitations | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | 242/241 | -0.09 (-0.29, 0.10) | 14.26 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ High |
|
| |||||||||
| TG | No serious limitations | Very serious limitationab | No serious limitation | Serious limitationc | No serious limitation | 160/156 | -0.84 (-1.64, 0.68) | 95.37 | ⊕ ◯ ◯ ◯ Very low |
|
| |||||||||
| TC | No serious limitations | Very serious limitationab | No serious limitation | Serious limitationc | No serious limitation | 160/156 | -0.77 (-2.38, 0.84) | 97.38 | ⊕ ◯ ◯ ◯ Very low |
|
| |||||||||
| HDL-C | No serious limitations | Serious limitation ab | No serious limitation | Serious limitationc | No serious limitation | 160/156 | 0.82 (0.26, 1.38) | 80.24 | ⊕ ⊕ ◯ ◯ Low |
|
| |||||||||
| LDL-C | No serious limitations | Very serious limitationab | No serious limitation | Serious limitationc | No serious limitation | 160/155 | -0.95 (-2.53, 0.63) | 97.22 | ⊕ ◯ ◯ ◯ Very low |
|
| |||||||||
| BMI | No serious limitations | Serious limitationa | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | 222/221 | 0.17 (-0.18, 0.53) | 69.62 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ◯ Moderate |
aThe test for heterogeneity is significant. bThe test for the confidence interval is wide. cThe sample size is small. Based on the number of limitations, the quality of outcomes is divided into four categories: high (⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕), moderate (⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ◯), low (⊕ ⊕ ◯ ◯), and very low (⊕ ◯ ◯ ◯) quality.