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. 2024 Feb 20;6(3):473–493. doi: 10.1038/s42255-024-00987-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — a, Representative images showing the colocalization of Fos mRNA in AgRP⁺ and POMC+ neurons from control mice treated with saline or ghrelin (left panel) for 1h; and quantification of the percentage of activated (Fos⁺) AgRP⁺ and POMC⁺ neurons after ghrelin injection (right panel) * P = 0.0081. b, left panel: Cumulative food intake of male control mice treated with saline or ghrelin in the presence or absence of food. ** P = 0.005; right panel: Total food intake during time intervals. **P = 0.0047 ***P = 0.0008. c, left panel: Respiratory coefficient during light cycle ***P = 0.0007, ****P < 0.0001, central panel: average of RER during indicated time intervals *** P = 0.0001, ****P < 0.0001, and right panel: average nutrient flux during the 4h after ghrelin injection **P = 0.0033, *** P = 0.0001. d, Average Energy expenditure (EE), VO₂, and VCO² measurements during 24h. e, left panel: Activity counts during 24h measurement. *P = 0.0144 fast vs. saline, central panel: average activity counts ***P = 0.0003, **P = .0035, and right panel: distance traveled during the time intervals. ****P < 0.0001. Data are indicated as mean ± s.e.m. of cell counts per ARC hemisection n = 5 saline- and 7 ghrelin-injected male control mice in a, and as mean ± s.e.m from n = 7 male control mice in b – e. Statistical analysis: 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison in a, and Tukey’s multiple comparisons in b – e. Source data and further details of statistical analyses are provided as a Source Data file.

Source data