Table 6.
Mechanical properties of common fabrication materials for phantoms mimicking the human liver
| Fabrication material | Speed of sound (m/s) | Attenuation (dB/cm/MHz) | Young’s modulus (kPa) | Durability | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) copolymer | ++(1423–1502) | +(0.25–0.42) | +(26–70) | +++ | Ahmad et al. (2021), Cabrelli et al. (2017) |
| Gelatin | +++(1510–1590) | +++(0.12–1.53) | +++(35–58) | + | Anugrah et al. (2020), Kandala et al. (2021) |
| Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | +++(1520–1610) | +(0.07–0.35) | ++(60–125) | + | Cournane et al. (2010), In et al. (2012) |
| Silicone | +(1000–1150) | +(1.25–2.63) | ++(25–82) | +++ | Chen and Shih (2013), Lamouche et al. (2012) |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | ++(1400–1420) | ++(0.44–0.65) | +++(24–123) | +++ | Chatelin et al. (2020b), Rethy et al. (2018) |
| Agar | +++(1540–1600) | +++(0.04–1.42) | +(105–115) | + | Ahmad et al. (2022), In et al. (2014) |
+ = worst;++ = suitable;+++ = best