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. 2024 Mar 12;15:1334762. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334762

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Copyright © 2024 Salerno-Goncalves, Chen, Bafford, Izquierdo, Hormazábal, Lagos, Tettelin, D’Mello, Booth, Fasano, Levine and Sztein

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Detection of cytokines after exposure of the HODGM model to different S. Typhi strains. Epithelial cells from the HODGM model were exposed to 8 S. Typhi strains isolated from acutely infected (n=4, ) or chronically (n=4, ) infected individuals. HODGM models cultured with media only were used as negative controls. After 5 hours, the supernatants were collected from the (A) upper and (B) lower chambers of the HODGM model to measure IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL18, MCP-1, and TSLP cytokines. Data are representative of the net responses observed in 4 independent experiments. Net responses were calculated by subtracting the responses of the controls (media) from those in cells exposed S. Typhi. Each dot is the average of 2 independent replicates. Two-tailed nested-t-tests were used to account for the repeated measures within the groups. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Dotted lines represent the mean responses.

Inline graphic — Detection of cytokines after exposure of the HODGM model to different S. Typhi strains. Epithelial cells from the HODGM model were exposed to 8 S. Typhi strains isolated from acutely infected (n=4, ) or chronically (n=4, ) infected individuals. HODGM models cultured with media only were used as negative controls. After 5 hours, the supernatants were collected from the (A) upper and (B) lower chambers of the HODGM model to measure IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL18, MCP-1, and TSLP cytokines. Data are representative of the net responses observed in 4 independent experiments. Net responses were calculated by subtracting the responses of the controls (media) from those in cells exposed S. Typhi. Each dot is the average of 2 independent replicates. Two-tailed nested-t-tests were used to account for the repeated measures within the groups. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Dotted lines represent the mean responses.