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. 2024 Mar 25;17(3):e14433. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.14433

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Biosynthesis pathway of l‐methionine in E.coli. Black arrows depict wild type enzymatic reaction. Thick arrows depict overexpressed enzymatic reactions of the engineered E. coli strains. Dotted arrow indicates more than one enzymatic reaction. Red cross indicates knockout. 2‐OXO, 2‑oxoglutarate; 3‑PG, 3‑phosphoglycerate; APS, adenosine phosphosulfate; ASP, l‐aspartate; CIT, citrate; Cys, l‑cysteine; Cysta, l‐cystathionine; F‐1,6‐BP, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate; F‐6‐P, fructose‐6‐phosphate; FUM, fumarate; G‐6‐P, glucose‐6‐phosphate; GLU, l‐glutamate; Gly, l‐glycine; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; HCys, l‐homocysteine; HSer, l‐homoserine; ICIT, Isocitrate; ILE, l‐isoleucine; LYS, l‐lysine; MAL, malate; Met, l‑methionine; MTA, methylthioadenosine; MTHF, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate; OAA, oxaloacetate; OAcSer, O‐acetyl‐l‐serine; OSHS, O‑succinyl‐l‐homoserine; PAPS, phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PYR, pyruvate; S2‐, sulfide; S2O3 2‐, thiosulfate; SAH, S‐adenosyl‐l‐homocysteine; SAM, S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine; Ser, l‐serine; SO3 2‐, sulfite; SO4 2‐, sulfate; SSC, S‐sulfo‐l‐cysteine; SUCC, succinate; SUCC‐CoA, succinyl‐coenzyme A; THF, tetrahydrofolate; THR, L‐threonine; ptsG encoding member of glucose‐specific phosphotransferase system, dgsA encoding transcriptional regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, pykAF encoding Pyruvate kinase I+II, pyc encoding pyruvate carboxylase, aspC encoding aspartate aminotransferase, thrA encoding aspartate kinase I, asd encoding aspartate‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase, metA encoding homoserine O‐succinyltransferase, metB encoding O‐succinylhomoserine lyase, metC encoding cystathionine β‐lyase, metH encoding cobalamin‐dependent methionine synthase, ygaZH encoding branched chain amino acid exporter, metK encoding methionine adenosyltransferase, metE encoding cobalamin‐independent methionine synthase, metL encoding bifunctional aspartate kinase II/homoserine dehydrogenase II, metJ encoding transcriptional methionine repressor, serA encoding phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, serC encoding phosphoserine aminotransferase, serB encoding phosphoserine phosphatase, glyA encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase, gcvT encoding aminomethyltransferase, gcvH encoding glycine cleavage system H protein, gcvP encoding glycine decarboxylase, metF encoding 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, cysE encoding serine acetyltransferase, cysK encoding cysteine synthase A, cysM encoding cysteine synthase B, cysDN encoding sulfate adenylyltransferase, cysC encoding adenylyl‐sulfate kinase, cysH encoding phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase, cysIJ encoding sulfite reductase, pspE encoding thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, grxA encoding reduced glutaredoxin 1.