Table 3.

Effect of inhibitors of the complement pathway and cytokines in AD.

Compound	Proposed Effect/Mechanism	Disease	Animal Model	Clinical Trial	References
Eculizumab	Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody blocks cleavage	AD	Yes	Yes, NCT00904826 (Neuromyelitis optica)	[310]
Compstatin family (Cp40 and MNY10)	Inhibit C3	AD	Yes	No	[311]
ANX005	Monoclonal antibody inhibits C1q binding/activity	AD	Yes	No	[312]
Anakinra	IL1 receptor antagonist	AD	Yes	No	[313, 314]
TNFα inhibitors Infliximab Etanercept	Reduce amyloid plaques and Tau `phosphorylation	AD	Yes	Yes NCT01068353 NCT00203359 NCT00203320 NCT04571697 (TNF inh vs. methotrexate) Others ongoing	[315-322]
IL-12 and IL-23 inhibitors	Inhibit IL-12 and IL-23	AD	Yes. Gender differences	No	[66, 323-325]