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. 2024 Mar 11;8:e47803. doi: 10.2196/47803

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©Beau Bo-Sheng Chuang, Albert C Yang. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 11.03.2024.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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A comparison of the ECG and PSD for SR and AF in lead V4. While there is a discernible difference between SR and AF in the ECG representation, it remains challenging to distinguish them in this format. In contrast, the PSD figure demonstrates the harmonic nature of SR and the chaotic nature of AF, making it much easier to differentiate between the two. As a result of these observations, we have chosen to use PSD as the primary feature for our machine learning algorithms. This decision is based on the enhanced clarity and distinction provided by the PSD representation, which allows for more accurate and effective differentiation between SR and AF in our analysis. AF: atrial fibrillation; ECG: electrocardiogram; PSD: power spectral density; SR: sinus rhythm.