TABLE 1.
Percentage of US Children Who Were 12 to 23 Months of Age and Consuming Any Beverages by WIC Status (NHANES 2011–2014)
| Eligible for but Not Receiving (n = 84), % (95% CI) | WIC (n = 202), % (95% CI) | Not Eligible (n = 132), % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Milk and milk substitutes | |||
| Whole milk | 63.5 (48.0–76.7) | 65.0 (57.2–72.0) | 66.3 (54.9–76.1) |
| Reduced or low- or nonfat milk | 23.9 (13.9–38.0) | 20.0 (13.6–28.4) | 22.4 (12.9–35.9) |
| Total milk | 91.1 (80.3–96.3) | 85.7 (79.7–90.2) | 87.9 (77.0–94.0) |
| Other beverages | |||
| 100% juice | 51.6 (40.1 –63.0)a | 70.6 (61 2–78.6)b | 50.8 (39.3–62.1) |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | 26.6 (15.5–41.6) | 31.1 (24.2–39.0) | 24.4 (14.8–37.6) |
| Water | 67.6 (56.1 —77.4)b | 74.8 (65.7–82.2) | 82.6 (71.6–89.9) |
Age is presented in months at the time of examination in a MEC. Beverages contained in the whole milk category include whole milk. Beverages contained in the reduced-fat or low- or nonfat milk category include reduced-fat, low-fat, or nonfat milk. Beverages contained in the total milk category include whole milk, reduced-fat milk, low-fat milk, nonfat milk, flavored milk, and/or milk substitutes (whole-fat flavored milk, reduced-fat flavored milk, low-fat flavored milk, nonfat flavored milk, milkshakes, or other dairy drinks). Beverages contained in the 100% juice category include citrus juice, apple juice, other fruit juice, vegetable juice, and baby juice. Beverages contained in the sugar-sweetened beverages category include soft drinks, fruit drinks, sports and energy drinks, nutritional beverages, smoothies and grain drinks, and flavored or enhanced water. Beverages contained in the water category include tap water, plain water, and baby water. WIC status is defined as children who are currently receiving WIC benefits. Eligible for but not receiving WIC benefits is defined as children who are eligible for WIC benefits on the basis of family income/poverty ratio, receipt of Medicaid, or receipt of SNAP benefits (previously called food stamps). Not eligible is defined as children who do not meet WIC eligibility criteria.
Indicates results that are significantly different from those of WIC participants (t test; P < .05).
Indicates results that are significantly different from those of children who are not eligible (t test; P < .05).