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Haptic feedback devices of DEA for VR applications. (A) Principle of DEA. (B to F) Photograph of the feel-through DEA film in fingertip (B), working principle (C), photograph of the haptic reading system with photodiode as a swatch (D), reading principle (E), and tactile reading demonstration (F). Reproduced with permission from [151]. Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons.
