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. 2024 Mar 12;11:1336612. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1336612

TABLE 8.

Comparison of environments where active EM may be applied.

Rural Urban Lake/River Deep-sea Sub-terranean Nuclear Farming Forest
GPS Good Medium Good None None None Good Bad
Scale Large Large Predefined Large Medium Small Large Large
Pre-defined Area No Maybe Yes No Maybe Yes Yes No
Weather Sensitivity High Medium Medium Medium Low None High Medium
Robot-Type UAV, AGV UAV UAV, ASV, AUV AUV UAV, AGV UAV, AGV UAV, AGV UAV, AGV
Commu-nication Good Good Good Bad Bad Good Good Medium
Obstacles Few Lots Few Few Medium Lots Medium Lots
Light Variable Variable Variable Dark Dark Light Variable Varible (Darker)
Charging Potential Medium Good Good Medium Bad Bad Good Bad