Table 2.

Relative risk (hazard ratios) of ID in offspring to mothers with T1D, compared to offspring to mothers without T1D

Model	Number of subjects	Rate (cases; person years)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Crude#	1,406,441	63 (8,523; 13,553,218)	1.90 (1.53–2.36)
Adjusted##			1.71 (1.38–2.11)
Repeated main analysis by subgroups
Singletons###	1,365,316	62 (8,157; 13,147,887)	1.77 (1.43–2.20)
Children born 1998–2002 ####	356,379	62 (2,194; 3,526,123)	1.64 (1.03–2.60)
Children born 2003–2007 ####	397,230	58 (2,250; 3,892,116)	1.69 (1.13–2.53)

Abbreviation: CI, two-sided 95% confidence interval.

Note: # Crude: Adjusting for birth years by natural cubic splines; ##Adjusted: Crude + further adjusted for maternal and paternal age by natural cubic splines, parental psychiatric history (yes/no) and maternal and paternal education at delivery; ### Adjusted model excluding twins, that is, singletons only; ####Adjusted model – Each child followed for at least 10 years to allow a comparison not affected by differences in length of follow-up.