. 2024 Mar 26;21:39. doi: 10.1186/s12978-024-01778-1

Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of individual, household and community effects on generational continuation of FGM

Individual factors		% with continued FGM	Individual Factors (model 2)	Household Factors (model 3)	Community Factors (model 4)
Individual factors		% with continued FGM	uaOR (95% C.I)	uaOR (95% C.I)	uaOR (95% C.I)
Age	15–24	42.8	0.40 (0.28–0.57)^a
	25–34	44.9	1.05 (0.83–1.33)
	35–49	35.4	0^b
Years of Education			0.99 (0.96–1.02)
Religion	Christianity	22.7	0.61 (0.45–0.84)^a
Religion	Islam	53.0	0^b
Ethnicity	Yoruba	23.5	0^b
	Hausa	63.7	3.84 (2.76–5.34)^a
	Igbo	25.4	1.04 (0.75–1.45)
	Others	23.1	0.90 (0.64–1.28)
Personal support for FGM	Yes	35.1	1.08 (1.03- 1.13)^a
Personal support for FGM	No	16.7	0^b
Level of exposure to Media			0.99 (0.98–1.00)
Household factors
Wealth status	Poor	54.2		0^b
	Middle	43.4		0.67 (0.51–0.88)^a
	Rich	27.1		0.44 (0.35–0.56)^a
Female household headship	Yes	31.2		0.93 (0.69–1.25)
Female household headship	No	40.9		0^b
Female involvement in household decision	Yes	39.4		0.86 (0.81–0.91)^a
Female involvement in household decision	No	43.3		0^b
Community factors
Zone	North Central	37.7			1.42 (0.91–2.23)
	North East	59.8			3.54 (1.72–7.26)^a
	North West	64.3			3.57 (1.80–7.06)^a
	South East	25.9			1.27 (0.73–2.23)
	South South	14.9			0.67 (0.40–1.11)
	South West	20.5			0^b
Residence	Urban	29.8			0.84 (0.65–1.08)
	Rural	51.2			0^b
Proportion of Yoruba	High	26.5			0^b
Proportion of Yoruba	Low	47.7			1.59 (1.02–2.48)^a
Proportion of Igbo	High	24.1			1.10 (0.79–1.53)
Proportion of Igbo	Low	49.6			0^b
Proportion of Hausa	High	63.3			1.82 (1.03–3.21)^a
Proportion of Hausa	Low	22.3			0^b
Proportion of the poor in the communities	Low	25.2			0^b
	Moderate	42.2			1.41 (0.92–2.16)
	High	55.5			1.38 (1.01–1.88)^a
Proportion of uneducated mothers	Low	23.8			1.18 (0.63–2.20)
	Moderate	29.3			0.63 (0.44–0.90)^a
	High	63.3			0^b
Proportion of uneducated partners	Low	23.6			0^b
	Moderate	29.9			1.02 (0.72–1.43)
	High	61.7			1.35 (0.79–2.33)
Proportion unexposed to media	Low	20.9			0^b
	Moderate	46.9			1.96 (1.43–2.70)^a
	High	59.4			1.44 (0.91–2.26)
Proportion of women participants in household decision	Low	48.1			0^b
	Moderate	45.7			1.11 (0.83–1.50)
	High	30.6			1.21 (0.88–1.66)
Proportion of community women who supported FGM	Low	42.2			0^b
	Moderate	37.2			1.73 (1.57–1.92)^a
	High	33.3			1.75 (0.50–1.82)

^asignificant at 5%; uaOR unadjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval; b. is set at zero for the reference category