Recent progress in MOF-based biosensors.

No.	MOFs	MOF components	Targeting	Detection method	Detection range	Limit of detection	References
1	Cr-MOF@CoPc	Cr3+ and H2BDC	CT26 cells	EIS	50–1.0 × 107 cells mL−1	31 cells mL−1	78
2	MOF Bi-TCBPE	Bi3+ and H4TCBPE	Fe3+ in serum	Fluorescence	0–25 μM	1 μM	192
3	BODIPY@Eu-MOF	Eu3+ and BBDC	F−, H2O2 and glucose (from HeLa cells)	Fluorescence	F−: 0–30 μM, H2O2: 0–6 μM	F−: 0.1737 μM, H2O2: 0.0062 μM	83
					Glucose: 0–6 μM	Glucose: 6.92 nM
4	MOF-derived N-doped porous carbon	Mg2+ and PVP	Acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase cause Alzheimer and Parkinson)	Colorimetric assay	0–5 U L−	0.0001 U L−1	86
5	Zn-MOF/GO	Zn2+ and TCPP	p53 antibody	Combined p53 antigens	0.1 fg mL−1–0.01 ng mL−1	0.03 fg mL−1	193
6	Graphdiyne/Ru@MOF@NCNDs-Ru	Zn2+ and 2-NH2-BDC	CA19-9 (tumor marker)	ECL	0.0005–200 U mL−1	0.00013 U mL−1	91
7	drDNA-BUT-88	Zr4+ and TCTA	microRNA-21	Fluorescence	0.2–1.0 nM	0.13 nM	28
8	Co–Ni–Cu-MOF	Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and H2BDC	Nilutamide (anticancer drug)	EIS	0.5–900 μM	0.48 μM	194
9	Eu-MOF	Eu3+, NH2–H2BDC and Phen	CA242 (tumor marker)	ECL	0.005–100 U L−	0.0019 U L−	94
10	Pep/Au/Cu-MOF/SWNH	Cu2+ and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (biomarker of acute kidney injury)	SWV	0.00001–10 ng mL−1	0.0405 pg mL−1	195
11	MOF-808	Zr4+ and trimesic acid	CA125 (antigen – ovarian cancer biomarker)	EIS	0.001–30 ng mL−1	0.5 pg mL−1	92
12	Zr-MOF	Zr4+ and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid	miRNA-15	ICDSE	1–1 × 106 fM	2.03 fM	103
13	MIL-125-NH2	Ti4+ and 2-aminoterephthalic acid	CLD7 (colorectal cancer biomarker)	Microfluidic amperometric immunosensor	2–1000 pg mL−1	0.1 pg mL−1	93
14	AuNPs@Zn-MOF	Zn2+ and [BDBMBCIm]Cl	Alpha-fetoprotein (hepatocellular carcinoma)	PEC	0.005–15.0 ng mL−1	1.88 pg mL−1	90
15	HRP@Fe-MOF	—	Amyloid-β oligomer (cause Alzheimer)	Using horseradish peroxidase	0.0001–10 nM	0.03 pM	196
16	Au-NPs/Cu-HHTP-NSs	Cu2+ and sodium dodecyl sulfate	H2O2 (from colon cells SW-48)	EIS	50 nM–16.4 mM	0.0056 μM	84
17	Cu-MOF	Cu2+ and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid	H2O2, and H2S	Colorimetric assay	H2O2: 50 nM to 500 μM	H2O2: 25 nM	76
					Cr2O72−: 50 nM to 0.5 μM	Cr2O72−: 30 nM
					H2S: 1 nM to 0.2 μM	H2S: 0.2 nM
18	ZIF-67-Au@Pt	Co2+ and 2-methylimidazole	H2O2 (from RAW 264)	Electrochemical technology	0.8–3000 μM	0.086 μM	81
19	Ag–Bi-BDC (s) MOF	Bi+ and BDC	H2O2 (from THP-1 and AtT-20 cells)	Electrochemical technology	10 μM–145 mM	0.0201 μM	82
20	ZIF-8	Zn2+ and 2-methylimidazole	H2O2 (from H9C2 and HeLa cells)	EIS	5.0 μM to 70 mM	1.67 μM	112
21	MOF-818	Zr4+, Cu2+, and H2PyC	H2O2, H2S (from HeLa cells)	Colorimetric and electrochemical assay	H2O2: 0.0133–10 mM	H2O2: 9.02 μM	104
					H2S: 3–333 μM	H2S: 0.8 μM
22	QZIF-67-2	Co2+ and 2-methylimidazole	H2O2 (from HepG2)	Electrochemical technology	2 μM–65 mM	1.2 μM	197
23	Ag@ZIF-67	Co2+ and 2-methylimidazole	Carcinoembryonic antigen	Chemiluminescence aptasensor	0.0001–5 ng mL−1	4.53 × 10−3 ng mL−1	95
24	Co-MOF-ABEI/Ti3C2Tx	Co2+ and ABEI	miRNA-21	ECL	0.00001–10 nM	3.7 fM	102
25	UiO-66-2NH2	Zr4+ and 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid	MCF-7	EIS	100–100000 cell mL−1	31 cell mL−1	111