Recent progress in MOF-based carriers for disease treatment.

No.	MOFs	MOF components	Cargo/drug	Stimuli type	Treatment goals	Main findings	References
1	Hollow porphyrinic MOF	Zr4+ and TCPP	Doxorubicin (DOX), indocyanine green (ICG)	pH, thermo	Carcinoma (4T1) cell	Release: 65% pH5	22
						IC50: 0.11 μg mL−1
						% Cell viability: 8%
2	PEG/PA@ZJU-64-NSN	Zn2+ and H2BTDBA	Procainamide hydrochloride (PA)	pH	Heart, stomach (oral route)	Release: 100% (physiological environment), 40% (stomach environment)	176
3	Mg-MOF-74	Mg2+ and H4dhtp	α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate	—	HeLa	The saturated loading capacity: 625 mg g−1	139
						% Cell viability: 5%
4	Curcumin@N3-bio-MOF-100	Zn2+ and N3-BPDC	Curcumin	pH	4T1	Release: 88.42% pH5	137
5	γ-Cyclodextrin-MOF@ Eudragit®RS	K+ and γ-cyclodextrin	Indomethacin	—	Anti-inflammatory (oral route)	Release: 82.36%	160
6	MXene/MOF-5	Zn2+ and H2BDC	Doxorubicin/pCRISPR	pH	HEK-293, PC12, HepG2, and HeLa	Release: 50%	198
						Loading efficiency (%): 46
						% Cell viability: 9.9%
7	Fe3O4–NH2@PDA@Au@MIL101-NH2	Fe3+ and NH2-BDC	Doxorubicin	Thermal	HeLa	The saturated loading capacity: 34.31 mg g−1	124
						% Cell viability: 10%
8	Zn-MOF-74@CS	Zn2+, Mn2+, TEA, and H4dhtp	Doxorubicin	—	HeLa	The saturated loading capacity: 113 mg g−	125
						% Cell viability: 5%
9	HKUST-1	Cu2+ and trimesic acid	Paracetamol	—	Antipyretics and analgesics (oral route)	Loading efficiency (%): 63.41%	163
10	γ-Cyclodextrin-MOF	K+ and γ-cyclodextrin	Florfenicol and enrofloxacin	—	Antibacterial (oral route)	MIC: +E. coli: 0.1 μg mL−1	168
						+S. aureus: 1.6 μg mL−1
11	Ru-90@bio-MOF-1	Zn2+ and BPDC	Ru-90	pH	Human melanoma A375, the non-tumor mouse L929	Release: 43.11% (pH 5), 25.36% (pH 7.4)	141
						IC50 (μM): 43.8 (A375), 31.5 (L929)
12	CS-g-PAA/PU/magnetic MIL-53	Fe3+ and terephthalic acid	Temozolomide and paclitaxel	pH, thermo	U-87 MG glioblastoma cells	Release: 90% at pH5, 43 °C	133
						% Cell viability: ∼25%
						Loading efficiency (%): 80
13	MgAl-LDH/Fe-MOF/D-Man	Al3+, Mg2+, and NH2-BDC	Methotrexate, doxorubicin	pH	MDA-MB 231	Release: 45.2% (pH 5), 18.82% (pH 7.4)	122
14	Bio-MOF(Zn)@CMS/GQDs	Zn2+ and CMS/GQD	Curcumin, doxorubicin	pH	HepG2	Loading efficiency (%): CUR (54.2) and DOX (43.2)	199
15	FU@Eu-MOF	Eu3+ and H3BTC	Fucoidan	pH	A549	Release: 85.3% pH 5	142
16	CuO-MOF	Fe3+ and Cu3(BTC)2	Doxorubicin	pH	—	Release: 98.9% pH 5	123
17	Bio-MOF/polydopamine	Zn2+ and curcumin	Doxorubicin	pH/NIR	HeLa	Release: 60.83% pH 5	200
						IC50: 0.032 mg mL−1
18	Zr MOF UiO-66	Zr4+ and BDC	Dichloroacetate, 5-fu	pH	MCF-7, HEK293	Loading efficiency (%): 27.5	128
						IC50: 0.2 mg mL−1
19	DOX/AS1411@PEGMA@GQDs@γ-CD-MOF	K+ and γ-cyclodextrin	Doxorubicin	pH	MCF-7	Loading efficiency (%): 89.1%	201
20	CS/Zn-MOF@GO	Zn2+ and H2BDC	5-Fu	pH	MCF-7	Loading efficiency (%): 45%	129
						Release: 41.47% pH 5
21	GQDs@Bio-MOF	Cd+ and TEA	5-Fu	pH	HT 29	Loading efficiency (%): 42.4%	202
						Release: 63.2% pH 5
22	Al-MOF/GO	Al3+ and GO	5-Fu	pH	MCF 7 and MCF 10A	Loading efficiency (%): 78.4%	130
						Release: 63.1%
23	DHA-UIO-66-NH2	Zr4+ and BDC-NH2	5-Fu	pH	MCF 7	IC50: 10.82 μM	203
24	UiO-66-NH2	Zr4+, BDC-NH2	Temozolomide	Ultrasound intervention	U251, SHG44	Release: 100%	134
						% Cell viability: ∼20%
25	ZnMOF-CS-FA	Zn2+ and TPA	Methotrexate	pH	HCT116	Loading efficiency (%): 78%	146
						Release: ∼95% pH 5, ∼25% pH 7.4
26	CMC/Cu-MOF	Cu2+ and terephthalic acid	Ibuprofen	pH	Anti-inflammatory (oral route)	Release: pH 1.2 (20%), pH 6.8 (40%), pH 7.4 (70%)	204
27	UiO-66-PDC	Zr4+ and H2BDC	Ibuprofen	pH	Anti-inflammatory (oral route)	Release: pH 2 (10%), pH 7.4 (100%)	162
28	MIL-100/sodium dodecyl sulfate	Fe3+ and BTC	Insulin	pH	Diabetes treatment (oral route)	Release: 70% (pH 7.4)	172
29	ZIF-8	Zn2+ and 2-MIM	Indomethacin	pH	Anti-inflammatory (oral route)	Release: 90%	161
						The saturated loading capacity: 1210 mg g−1
30	CMC-Zn-MEL@TC	Zn2+ and carboxymethyl cellulose	Tetracycline	pH	Antibacterial (oral route)	Release: 100%	170
						The antibacterial efficiency: +E. coli: 99%
						+S. aureus: 99%
31	Fe3O4@PAA@MIL-100(Cr)	—	Ciprofloxacin	pH	Antibacterial (oral route)	Loading efficiency: 50%	205
						Release: 80% at pH 7.4
32	ZIF-8/GO/MgFe2O4	Mg2+, Zn2+, and 2-methyl imidazole	Tetracycline	pH	Antibacterial (oral route)	Release: 92% at pH 7.4	169
						Inhibition zone: +E. coli: 22 mm
						+S. aureus: 25 mm
33	U-CD-MOF	K+ and γ-cyclodextrin	Caffeic acid	pH	Antibacterial (oral route)	Release: 100%	171
34	UiO-67	Zr4+ and BDPC	Brimonidine	—	Eye drops	Adsorption capacity for the drug: 600 mg g−1	177
						Release: 50%
35	SiRNA@MOF	Zn2+ and 2-methyl imidazole	TNFα siRNA	pH	Treatment of ulcerative colitis (oral route)	Release: +100% to 54.71% (pH 1.5), to 30.2% (pH 6.8) to 11.3% (pH 7.4)	206
36	NH2-MIL101	—	Exendin-4	pH	Diabetes treatment (oral route)	Release: 100% pH 7.4	175
37	CD-MOF	K+ and γ-cyclodextrin	Honokiol	pH	Anticancer, control gastric acidity (oral)	Release: pH 1.2 (19%), pH 6.8 (46%), pH 7.4 (∼94%)	173
38	MIL-100(Fe)	Fe3+ and H3BTC	Genistein	pH	Antioxidant and antiangiogenic (oral route)	The saturated loading capacity: 271 mg g−1	207
39	Bio-MOF-100	Zn2+ and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid	Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide	pH	Anti-tuberculosis (oral route)	Loading efficiency: 66%	208
						% Cell viability: 0%
40	MIL-100(Fe)	Fe2+ and BTC	Diclofenac	pH	Anti-osteoarthritis (oral route)	Release: 92% at pH 7.4	209