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. 2024 Mar 12;11:1268983. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268983

Table 2.

Non-adjusted associations between hypertension-related parameters and cognitive function, mood, and behavioral aspects.

Hypertensive SBP-HTN DBP-HTN BP-HTN
Cognition
Problems with short-term memory, yes 46 (12.6)* 47 (12.9)* 67 (18.4)* 3 (0.8)*
Problems with procedural memory, yes 29 (8.0) 36 (9.9)* 35 (9.6)* 1 (0.3)*
Worsening in decision making, yes 43 (11.8)* 52 (14.3)* 54 (14.8)* 0 (0.0)*
Changes in mental function, yes 2 (0.5) 1 (0.3)* 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0)
Agitation and disorientation, yes 4 (1.1) 3 (0.8) 4 (1.1) 0 (0.0)
Mood and behavior
Feelings of sadness or being depressed, yes 60 (16.5) 72 (19.8) 75 (20.6) 7 (1.9)*
Persistent anger, yes 5 (1.4) 13 (3.6)* 13 (3.6)* 0 (0.0)
Unrealistic fears, yes 19 (5.2) 27 (7.4) 24 (6.6) 1 (0.3)*
Repetitive health complaints, yes 39 (10.7) 51 (14.0) 48 (13.2) 2 (0.5)*
Repetitive anxious complaints, yes 28 (7.7) 37 (10.2) 34 (9.3) 2 (0.5)*
Facial expressions of sadness, worry, and pain, yes 38 (10.4) 48 (13.2) 48 (13.2) 2 (0.5)*
Recurrent crying, yes 23 (6.3)* 27 (7.4) 28 (7.7)* 2 (0.5)*
Withdrawal from activities of interest, yes 41 (11.3) 48 (13.2) 45 (12.4) 2 (0.5)*
Reduced social interaction, yes 41 (11.3)* 45 (12.4) 41 (11.3) 1 (0.3)*
Mood decline, yes 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Wandering, yes 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3)
Symptoms of verbally abuse behavior, yes 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0)
Symptoms of physically abuse behavior, yes 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0)
Inappropriate/Disruptive social behavior, yes 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 4 (1.1) 2 (0.5)
Resists care, yes 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) 2 (0.5) 0 (0.0)
Changes in behavior symptoms, yes 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0)

Data are shown as n (%). *p < 0.05 for the chi-square test within the group. The term — yes — refers to the presence of the condition. Comparisons were performed between condition (e.g., CLI-HTN) versus non-condition (e.g., NON-CLI-HTN), with the last used as the reference group (omitted).