Table 1.

Mixed-effects multiple linear regression of the associations of normalized COVID-19 cases with meteorological and air quality factors including adjustment for covariates.

Fixed effects	Model 1a			Model 2b			Model 3c			Model 4d
	Estimate (SE)	P value	Estimate (SE)		P value	Estimate (SE)		P value	Estimate (SE)		P value
Average temperature (°C)	–15.41 (2.55)	.001	–21.44 (7.47)		.004	—e		—	–27.90 (7.72)		.001
Sunlight hours	–45.31 (9.50)	.001	–12.55 (15.04)		.40	—		—	–8.86 (15.31)		.56
UV index	–201.24 (27.53)	.001	–257.41 (71.06)		.001	—		—	249.03 (71.84)		.05
Wind speed	7.934 (10.81)	.46	16.72 (11.27)		.13	—		—	16.71 (12.00)		.02
Humidity	–0.071 (1.42)	.96	–1.99 (1.81)		.27	—		—	1.9 8 (1.94)		.31
Pressure	17.64 (2.51)	.001	20.35 (5.51)		.001	—		—	24.32 (5.58)		.05
AQIf	–1.45 (0.67)	.03	—		—	–0.05 (0.88)		.94	0.11 (0.89)		.90
PM2.5g	4.71 (0.99)	.001	—		—	4.28 (1.35)		.15	2.96 (1.36)		.05
PM10h	0.36 (0.47)	.43	—		—	0.49 (0.58)		.39	0.52 (0.58)		.36
SO2i	6.93 (6.01)	.24	—		—	18.41 (6.75)		.64	22.06 (6.94)		.14
NO2j	1.88 (1.612)	.24	—		—	8.69 (1.97)		.14	10.21 (2.07)		.07
O3k	2.29 (0.77)	.002	—		—	2.09 (0.8)		.008	0.56 (0.86)		.51
COl	375.4 (75.5)	.001	—		—	471.52 (101.55)		.001	564.31 (107.99)		.001

^aModel 1 includes each of the fixed effects run in 12 separate models.

^bModel 2 includes all meteorological covariates considered simultaneously.

^cModel 3 includes all air quality covariates considered simultaneously.

^dModel 4 includes all 12 environmental indicators considered simultaneously.

^eExcluded from model.

^fAQI: air quality index.

^gPM2.5: fine particulate matter.

^hPM10: coarse particulate matter.

ⁱSO2: sulfur dioxide.

^jNO2: nitrogen dioxide.

^kO3: ozone.

^lCO: carbon monoxide.