Table 2. Studies included in the review.
CPM: continuous passive movement.
| Authors | Year | Findings |
| Gränicher et al. [1] | 2020 | Preoperative physiotherapy has little benefit on total knee arthroplasty. |
| Wirries et al. [2] | 2020 | CPM significantly improved knee flexion. |
| Yelin et al. [3] | 2016 | There is an increased number of patients reporting for musculoskeletal diseases. |
| Petterson et al. [4] | 2009 | There are no adverse events following exercises after total knee arthroplasty. |
| Bade et al. [5] | 2010 | After six months, the patients were back to their preoperative status. |
| Ranawat et al. [6] | 2003 | Few patients will face difficulty to restore normal life after total knee arthroplasty rehabilitation. |
| Franklin et al. [7] | 2008 | Total knee arthroplasty effectively relieves pain due to arthritis. |
| Mizner et al. [8] | 2005 | Muscle activation is necessary after total knee arthroplasty. |
| Chehuen et al. [9] | 2017 | Walking training also improved cardiovascular function. |
| Franz et al. [10] | 2018 | Use of tourniquets can also lead to muscle atrophy. |
| Liao et al. [11] | 2019 | Longer duration of CPM use gives a better effect. |
| Jette et al. [12] | 2020 | Physiotherapy should start within 24 hours of surgery. |
| Clode et al. [13] | 2018 | Prehabilitation improves the patient’s pain before total knee arthroplasty. |
| Mistry et al. [14] | 2016 | Early initiation of exercise therapy helps to heal faster. |
| Walsh et al. [15] | 1998 | Severe impairments cannot be treated completely. |
| Doerfler et al. [16] | 2016 | High-velocity quadriceps exercises are a very effective way to heal after total knee arthroplasty. |
| Orr et al. [17] | 2006 | In older persons, power exercise improves balance because it causes a delayed contraction and initially lowers muscle power. |
| Johnson et al. [18] | 2010 | An alternate strengthening program for patients recovering from complete knee replacements is whole-body vibration. |
| Saleh et al. [19] | 2010 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves the strength of the quadriceps. |
| Liebs et al. [20] | 2012 | When treating osteoarthritis in the knee, the effect size of early aquatic therapy following total knee arthroplasty was comparable to that of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication therapy. |
| Matsumoto et al. [21] | 2012 | Exercise therapy helps patients with limited knee flexion. |
| Swinkels et al. [22] | 2009 | Fall risk assessment should be done. |
| Fung et al. [23] | 2012 | Wii Fit may be used in conjunction with physical therapy for outpatients recovering from total knee replacement surgery. |
| Piva et al. [24] | 2010 | There is a higher degree of improvement with balanced training. |
| Jiang et al. [25] | 2015 | The patients may benefit from using a tourniquet after total knee arthroplasty. |
| Guler et al. [26] | 2016 | In total knee arthroplasty, the use of tourniquets reduces the volume of the thigh and quadriceps muscles and postoperatively postpones the restoration of knee function. |
| Dennis et al. [27] | 2016 | There are both advantages and disadvantages of using a tourniquet after total knee arthroplasty. |
| Howell et al. [28] | 2013 | Regardless of the alignment category, kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty restores function without catastrophic failure. |
| Waterson et al. [29] | 2016 | Mechanical alignment gives the same result as kinematical alignment. |
| Rebal et al. [30] | 2014 | More precise alignment is provided by computer navigation in total knee arthroplasty. |
| Roberts et al. [31] | 2015 | Computer-assisted navigation is proving very helpful in total knee arthroplasty. |
| Sassoon et al. [32] | 2015 | Patient-specific instrumentation requires lesser surgical trays. |
| Abdel et al. [33] | 2014 | Following a total knee replacement, there is no discernible benefit in terms of early functional or gait results from patient-specific instrumentation. |
| Yan et al. [34] | 2015 | Routine use of patient-specific instrumentation is not advised due to extra expenditure. |
| Tille et al. [35] | 2024 | The cruciate-retaining implant is beneficial. |
| Nunley et al. [36] | 2015 | Utilizing more modern implant designs did not result in higher patient satisfaction. |
| Li et al. [37] | 2015 | Newer prosthesis provided a greater range of motion. |
| Kim et al. [38] | 2016 | High flexion prosthesis provided a better range of motion. |
| Hamilton et al. [39] | 2015 | The patient outcome is better with using a prosthesis. |
| Fricka et al. [40] | 2015 | It is crucial to closely monitor radiolucencies and to follow up on them. |
| Constantinescu et al. [41] | 2022 | Wearable technology and commercially available smartphone apps are potentially useful. |
| Canovas and Dagneaux [42] | 2018 | Psychological support is also necessary after surgery. |
| Lavand’homme et al. [43] | 2022 | Pain relief treatment is necessary after total knee arthroplasty. |
| Hewlett and Kenney [44] | 2019 | Newer technologies like knee bracing are useful modalities. |
| Pozzi et al. [45] | 2013 | Postoperative physical exercise is very useful after total knee arthroplasty. |