Fig. 1.

Nanomaterials modulating TAMs for the treatment of GC. (A) Nanomaterials modulating TAMs polarization for GC treatment. hsa_circ_0017,252 promotes DUSP2 and inhibits the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting M2-type TAM polarization in GC tissues. In addition, HAS-Au agent NPs inhibit TrxR, increase ROS content, activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, and promote M2-type TAM polarization to M1-type in GC tissues. TAMs, Tumor-associated macrophages; GC, Gastric cancer; DUSP2, Dual specificity phosphatase 2; STAT3, Signal transducer of activators of transcription 3; HAS-Au agent NPs, HAS-Au (III) thiosemicarbazone agent NP; TrxR, Thioredoxin reductase; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; NF-kB, Nuclear factor-kappaB.