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. 2024 Mar 20;36:376–412. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.003

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© 2024 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — Nanomaterials preventing TAM infiltration for the treatment of HCC.

(A) The CXCR4-SDF1α signaling pathway. (1) ADOPSor NPs inhibits CXCR4, thereby blocking SDF1α and reducing TAMs infiltration caused by SOR. (2) VEGF siRNA in AMD-NPs inhibits CXCR4, thereby blocking SDF1α and reducing TAM infiltration caused by VEGF reduction.

(B) ROS. CeO₂NPs reduce TAM infiltration by inhibiting ROS in HCC tissues. CeO₂NPs reduces TAMs infiltration by inhibiting ROS in HCC tissues. TAMs, Tumor-associated macrophages; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; SDF1α, Stromal-derived-factor1α; ADOPSor NPs, AMD3100 coated DOPA-PLGA nanoparticles containing sorafenib; SOR, Sorafenib; VEGF siRNA in AMD-NPs, Vascular endothelial-derived growth factor short interfering RNA in AMD3100-nanoparticles; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; CeO₂NPs, Cerium oxide nanoparticles.