Table 2.
Results
| Author year/country | Design and sample | Aims | Main results/categorization of results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oberholzer-Dent et al. (2023)/EEUU | Study of cases | Research the contemporary work of the California Indian Basket Weavers Association and demonstrate how indigenous environmental justice is put into practice | Addressing environmental management from an indigenous perspective obtains multiple environmental benefits and, in turn, improves the health of individuals./A |
| Kras and Keenan (2020)/EEUU | Study of cases | Understand how the natural environment influences the lives of adult residents living on these entire New England islands and guide future research | The natural environment plays a vital role in the lives of the inhabitants of the New England Islands, causing an improvement in their mental health./A, B |
| Vitorino et al. (2018)/EEUU | Transversal study | Investigate how different levels of spirituality and religiosity affect quality of life and mental health | Having high levels of both spirituality and religiosity is associated with a better quality of life (psychological, social, and environmental)./B |
| Nalau et al. (2018)/Nueva Zelanda | Study of cases | Determine how indigenous and traditional knowledge relates to climate change adaptation and ecosystem-based adaptation | Recognizing indigenous governance systems and indigenous and traditional knowledge will give us a different vision in our connection with nature, thus improving health./A |
| Lestar and Böhm (2020)/Inglaterra | Literature review | Defend the inclusion of spirituality, as a worldview, in the study of transitions toward sustainability | Ecospiritual communities are a mechanism to address health problems and reduce negative consequences of the social determinants of health due to better treatment with the natural environment./C |
| Bellehumeur et al. (2022)/Canadá | Literature review | Explore the relationship between humans and nature through positive psychology | A new "consciousness" is emerging in which people define their quality of life in spiritual and relational rather than materialistic terms./B, C |
| Skoko et al. (2021)/Croacia | Literature review | Demonstrate that religious people cope better and more easily with the dangers that can damage mental health | Religiosity appears to be a crucial factor in prolonging human life and greater resistance to some diseases./B |
| Denis et al. (2022)/Francia | Literature review | Investigate a systemic approach that integrates the biological, psychological, and social systems that can influence health or disease | The biopsychosocial model is the most precise theoretical and clinical model of health and illness that we currently have./D |
| Walls et al. (2022)/EEUU & Canadá | Longitudinal study | Examine seven different indicators of sociocultural integration and identify patterns of responses across these indicators and determine their relevance to well-being | The connection between humans and the sense of belonging to a group and to nature influences better physical and mental health./C, D |
| Keaulana et al. (2021)/EEUU | Literature review | Identify and summarize existing measures of connectivity, relatedness, and attitudes toward land, nature, and/or the environment and evaluate the psychometric properties of these scales | Increasing connections with nature, the land, and the broader environment can improve the overall meaning of life and human well-being./A, C |
| Hategan (2021)/Rusia | Literature review | Investigate trends: ecophilosophy, ecotheology, and counseling to apply them in the community | The use of ecological advice in practice allows people to generate new strategies to face the environmental crisis and thus motivate them to change their lifestyle for a healthier one./D |
| K | Literature review | Expand understanding and connectivity between indigenous traditional knowledge, sacred places, spirit, and environmental health | The connection with nature and the environment improves health in all its aspects, in addition to attitudes and behaviors./A |
| Oliveira et al. (2022)/Brasil | Study of cases | To investigate the influence of religiosity and spirituality on the adoption of prophylactic behaviors and the perception of risk of vulnerability to the disease | More religious/spiritual people more frequently adopt prophylactic behaviors./C, D |
| Nawrath et al. (2022)/Reino Unido | Sequential mixed methods study | Explore the perception between mental health and green spaces of a population of low socioeconomic levels | Green spaces can play a fundamental role in increasing mental health in low socioeconomic populations./B |