Fig. 4.

The effects of simvastatin (sim; 5 µM) and amfenac (0.1 µM) on the release of cytokines IL-6 (a), IL-8 (b), and MCP-1 (c) from IL-1α (10 pg/ml) -treated ARPE-19 cells. DMSO (D; 0.15%) was used as a solvent control for simvastatin and amfenac. Data were collected from 3 independent experiments including 4 (a, b) or 2–4 (c) samples per group in each experiment [total n = 12 (a, b) and n = 10 (c)], and results are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns—not significant by Mann–Whitney U test. (Kruskal–Wallis test was performed but not presented in the Figure, a not significant, b ****P < 0.0001, c ***P < 0.001)