Fig. 5.

The effects of simvastatin (sim; 5 µM) and amfenac (0.1 µM) on the release of cytokines IL-6 (a), IL-8 (b), and MCP-1 (c) from IL-1β-treated (5 pg/ml) ARPE-19 cells. DMSO (D; 0.15%) was used as a solvent control to simvastatin and amfenac. Data were collected from 3 independent experiments including 4 samples per group in each experiment (total n = 12) and results are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns—not significant by Mann–Whitney U test. (Kruskal–Wallis test was performed but not presented in the Figure, a ****P < 0.0001, b ****P < 0.0001, c ****P < 0.0001)