Table 4.

The pros and cons of 2D versus 3D cell culture methods

	2D	3D Spheroids	3D organoids		2D	3D spheroids	3D organoids
Easy handling/SOP				Cytoarchitecture
Costs				High diversity of cell types
Homogeneity				Control of environmental conditions			c
Reproducibility				Spatial organization
Cell–cell interactions	a			Ease of manipulation for downstream analysis
Cell–ECM interactions				High-throughput screening			d
Long-term culture		b		Brain Regionality

a limited to side-by-side contact; b usually to a lesser extent when compared to 3D organoids; c typically cannot have both high complexity and high variable control of environmental conditions; d less amenable due to lack of standardization

SOPs standard operating procedure, ECM extracellular matrix