Table 3.

Cox regression univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors influencing progression-free survival

Parameter	n	Univariate PFS		Multivariate PFS
		p	HR (95%CI)	p	HR (95%CI)
Sex:		Ref
F	53	0.34	1.22 (0.81–1.86)	–
M	87
Age at CaS diagnosis:		Ref
< 61 years	69	0.12	1.38 (0.92–2.07)	–
≥ 61 years	71
Primary tumor site:
Pancreas	9	Ref		–
Intestinal tract	111	0.41	1.42 (0.62–3.27)
Lung	13	0.67	1.28 (0.41–3.99)
Unknown primary	7	0.80	0.85 (0.24–3.03)
Grading:
G1	75	Ref		–
G2–G3	57	0.45	1.17 (0.77–1.78)
Onset of CaS:
At NEN diagnosis	58	Ref		Ref
After NEN diagnosis	48	0.02	1.69 (1.07–2.67)	0.07	1.57 (0.96–2.43)
Before NEN diagnosis	34	0.60	0.87 (0.51–1.48)	0.82	0.94 (0.55–1.61)
Liver metastasis:				–	–
No	24	Ref	Ref
Yes	116	0.59	1.17 (0.66–2.06)
Lung metastasis:
No	125	Ref	Ref	–
Yes	15	0.53	1.25 (0.62–2.49)
Lymph node metastasis:
No	36	Ref	Ref	–
Yes	104	0.82	0.94 (0.58–1.52)
Bone metastasis:
No	112	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	28	0.051	1.61 (0.10–2.61)	0.27	1.32 (0.80–2.16)
Number of medical therapies:
0–1 line	103	Ref	Ref	–
≥ 2 medical therapies	34	0.18	1.34 (0.87–2.07)
PRRT:
No	80	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	60	< 0.001	2.07 (1.38–3.11)	0.002	1.90 (1.26–2.88)

Data for progression-free survival (PFS) were available in 140 patients. In the multivariable model were included variables with a p value less than 0.10 in the univariate analysis

CaS Carcinoid Syndrome, F female, M male, n number of patients, NEN neuroendocrine neoplasm, - not included in the multivariate analysis