Table 4.
Cox regression univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors influencing overall survival
| Parameter | n | Univariate PFS | Multivariate PFS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | HR (95%CI) | p | HR (95%CI) | ||
| Sex: | 1.03 (0.56–1.88) | – | |||
| F | 52 | Ref | |||
| M | 86 | 0.93 | |||
| Age at CaS diagnosis: | |||||
| < 61 years | Ref | Ref | |||
| ≥ 61 years | 0.001 | 2.97 (1.55–5.69) | 0.003 | 2.81 (1.42–5.55) | |
| Primary tumor site: | Ref | – | |||
| Pancreas | 9 | 0.59 | 1.49 (0.35–6.18) | ||
| Intestinal tract | 108 | 0.63 | 1.56 (0.26–9.51) | ||
| Lung | 14 | 0.55 | 1.74 (0.29–10.47) | ||
| Unknown primary | 7 | ||||
| Grading: | |||||
| G1 | 72 | Ref | Ref | ||
| G2–G3 | 58 | 0.02 | 2.04 (0.10–3.80) | 0.001 | 3.07 (1.54–6.09) |
| Onset of CaS: | |||||
| At NEN diagnosis | 56 | Ref | – | ||
| After NEN diagnosis | 50 | 0.27 | 1.44 (0.75–2.77) | ||
| Before NEN diagnosis | 32 | 0.46 | 0.73 (0.32–1.67) | ||
| Liver metastasis: | |||||
| No | 23 | Ref | Ref | – | |
| Yes | 115 | 0.71 | 1.22 (0.43–3.43) | ||
| Lung metastasis: | |||||
| No | 124 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 14 | 0.01 | 2.83 (1.26–6.38) | 0.07 | 2.44 (0.93–6.45) |
| Lymph node metastasis: | |||||
| No | 34 | Ref | Ref | – | |
| Yes | 104 | 0.12 | 0.60 (0.32–1-14) | ||
| Bone metastasis: | |||||
| No | 109 | Ref | Ref | – | |
| Yes | 29 | 0.23 | 1.53 (0.77–3.05) | ||
| Number of medical therapies: | |||||
| 0–1 line | 103 | Ref | Ref | – | |
| ≥ 2 medical therapies | 32 | 0.49 | 1.24 (0.66–2.33) | ||
| PRRT: | |||||
| No | 80 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 58 | 0.09 | 0.60 (0.33–1.10) | 0.20 | 0.66 (0.35–1.24) |
Data for overall survival (OS) were available in 138 patients. In the multivariable model were included variables with a p value less than 0.10 in the univariate analysis
CaS carcinoid syndrome, F female, M male, n number of patients, NEN neuroendocrine neoplasm, - not included in the multivariate analysis