Table 2.
Urinary elimination kineticsa of quantitatively and semi-quantitatively investigated metabolites and parent HMS in four volunteers after dermal sunscreen application (10% HMS, cis:trans 87.4:12.6)
| cmax [µg L−1] | cmax [µg (g creatinine)−1] | tmax [h] | t1/2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tHMS | 102 (75–121) | 62 (36–96) | 6–15 | 29 (24–35) |
| cHMS | 420 (320–538) | 261 (158–361) | 6–24 | 27 (22–32) |
| tHMS-CA (HMS-CA 1) | 22 (20–23) | 14 (9.6–24) | 22–24 | 24 (21–29) |
| cHMS-CA (HMS-CA 4) | 2.4 (2.0–2.9) | 1.5 (0.93–2.9) | 22–24 | 21 (18–28) |
| HMS-CA 5 | 2.8 (2.1–4.0)c | 1.9 (1.0–4.4)c | 24–27 | 24 (22–29) |
| 3OH-tHMS (OH-HMS B) | 3.5 (3.0–4.0) | 2.2 (1.6–3.3) | 15–24 | 26 (17–36) |
| 3OH-cHMS (OH-HMS H) | 2.6 (2.1–3.5) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 6–24 | 28 (19–35) |
| HMS-CA 2b | 0.069 (0.027–0.12) | 0.048 (0.017–0.11) | 22–35 | n. a.d |
| HMS-CA 3b | 0.12 (0.12–0.14) | 0.082 (0.053–0.14) | 24–25 | n. a.d |
| OH-HMS A | 58 (41–90) | 35 (25–45) | 15–24 | 23 (15–30) |
| OH-HMS C | 22 (18–33) | 14 (8.9–21) | 15–24 | 23 (17–28) |
| OH-HMS D | 5.8 (4.5–6.6) | 3.5 (2.2–5.9) | 6–24 | 24 (18–33) |
| OH-HMS E (E1 + E2) | 52 (38–61) | 33 (18–63) | 6–24 | 25 (18–33) |
| OH-HMS F | 2.1 (2.0–2.4) | 1.3 (0.95–2.0) | 15–24 | 27 (19–41) |
| OH-HMS G | 19 (15–21) | 11 (7.1–18) | 6–24 | 27 (20–41) |
| OH-HMS I | 4.2 (3.5–5.6) | 2.8 (1.8–4.2) | 18–24 | 33 (18–43) |
| OH-HMS K | 5.0 (3.8–5.9) | 3.0 (2.3–4.4) | 14–20 | 31 (18–46) |
Data are shown as mean values with ranges in parentheses, except for tmax, for which only ranges are shown. Semi-quantitatively analyzed metabolites in italics
acmax: unadjusted and creatinine-adjusted peak concentrations, tmax: time of creatinine-adjusted peak concentration, t1/2: terminal half-time, determined from excretion rate–time curves ≥ 36 h post-dose
bdata for HMS-CA isomers 2 and 3 are less reliable due to overlap with tHMS-CA tailing, low concentrations, and a minor matrix peak co-eluting with HMS-CA 3
csemi-quantitatively investigated using cHMS-CA calibration function
dcould not be determined due to too few samples above the LOQ