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. 2023 Jul 18;63(2):1075–1090. doi: 10.1007/s10943-023-01860-1

Table 3.

Perception of the withdrawal of futile treatment as euthanasia and associations with these notions

Strength of religious faith p
Low Average High
Is the withholding of futile medical care equivalent to euthanasia?
Health-care professionals
  Yes 91.8% 94.7% 90.8% p = 0.4011
  No 8.2% 5.3% 9.2%
Non-health-care professionals
  Yes 87.5% 76.9% 75.5% p = 0.3842
  No 12.5% 23.1% 24.5%
Is the withdrawal of futile medical care equivalent to the termination of treatment?
Health-care professionals
  Yes 4.1% 6.2% 11.7% p = 0.1922
  No 94.8% 90.7% 86.4%
  I don’t know 1.0% 3.1% 1.9%
Non-health-care professionals
  Yes 12.1% 23.1% 14.5% p = 0.1452
  No 69.7% 71.2% 80.0%
  I don’t know 18.2% 5.8% 5.5%
Associations with the notion of euthanasia
Health-care professionals
  Relief from suffering 76.3% 45.1% 29.1% 0.0000***
  Protection of the patient’s dignity 44.3% 24.4% 4.9% 0.0000***
  Providing a dignified death 50.5% 24.9% 6.8% 0.0000***
  Expensive treatment 9.3% 6.7% 5.8% 0.6105
  Infliction of death 44.3% 58.5% 81.6% 0.0000***
Non-health-care professionals
  Relief from suffering 54.5% 19.2% 14.5% 0.0001***
  Protection of the patient's dignity 33.5% 7.7% 1.8% 0.0000***
  Providing a dignified death 33.3% 11.5% 1.8% 0.0001***
  Expensive treatment 12.1% 19.2% 20.0% 0.6129
  Infliction of death 48.5% 88.5% 96.4% 0.0000***
Association with the notion of withdrawal of futile care
Health-care professionals
  Relief from suffering 78.4% 63.7% 55.3% 0.0025**
  Protection of the patient’s dignity 78.4% 64.8% 62.1% 0.0273*
  Providing a dignified death 77.3% 70.5% 68.0% 0.3094
  Expensive treatment 25.8% 22.8% 10.7% 0.0149*
  Infliction of death 0.0% 2.1% 7.8% 0.0033**
Non-health-care professionals
  Relief from suffering 57.6% 40.4% 25.5% 0.0106*
  Protection of the patient’s dignity 48.5% 44.2% 54.5% 0.5630
  Providing a dignified death 51.1% 36.5% 45.5% 0.5630
  Expensive treatment 15.2% 23.1% 10.9% 0.2307
  Infliction of death 9.1% 26.9% 25.5% 0.1165

Chi-square independence test was used;

*p < 0.05 (statistically significant)

**p < 0.01 (highly statistically significant)

***p < 0.001 (very highly statistically significant)