Table 3.

Steps of evaluation of resilience strategies.

Evaluation steps	Possible urban resilience strategies	Sources
Step 1: Identify key resilience goals and objectives	Green infrastructure, community-based disaster preparedness, improved building codes and standards, social and economic inclusion.	[12,76]
Step 2: Assess the effectiveness of different resilience strategies	Comparative analysis of different strategies in terms of their impact on reducing vulnerability, enhancing adaptive capacity, and promoting social equity.	[77,78]
Step 3: Identify implementation challenges and barriers	Lack of financial resources, inadequate policy support, complex socio-economic and environmental conditions, limited access to data and information.	[12,64,76]
Step 4: Develop strategies for overcoming implementation challenges	Public-private partnerships, innovative financing mechanisms, stronger legal and regulatory frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and education.	[79,80]
Step 5: Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of resilience strategies over time	Long-term monitoring and evaluation of resilience initiatives, use of performance indicators and metrics to assess progress, and identify areas for improvement.	[27,81]