Table 2.

Examples of appropriability and lock-out of EngBio climate mitigation applications

Appropriability	Lock-out risk
	High	Low
High	Profitable applications of EngBio that are likely to face strong political resistance from established industries.	Profitable applications of EngBio that are likely to confront limited resistance from established industries.
Low	E.g. Synthetic animal proteins threaten agricultural producers that are often politically organised.	E.g. Synthetic biofuels enter a liquid global market; within many importer states there are no local producers so political opposition may be ineffective.
	EngBio applications that reduce GHG emissions but do not compete with existing industries will rarely encounter established industry opposition.	EngBio applications that reduce GHG emissions but do not compete with existing industries are unlikely to face significant established industry opposition.
	E.g. Environmental release of GHG-consuming organisms.	E.g. Direct air capture in contained facilities.

Adapted from David Victor Global Warming Gridlock CUP 2011, p.130.

© David G. Victor 2011. Reproduced with permission of The Licensor through PLSclear.