Fig. 3. Zooming in on the left- and right-biased effects to explain asymmetry disbalances in two CNVs.

We detailed the effects of CNV-carriership on asymmetry by examining the raw hemispheric volumes in regions identified as significant (Fig. 2). a Asymmetry index in CNV carriers and controls for deletions at 16p11.2 and 22q11.2 loci. For both loci, CNV carriers show the highest increase in planum temporale asymmetry compared to controls. Both CNVs also show decreased asymmetry for the fusiform cortex and parahippocampal gyrus (error bars denote a 95% confidence interval for the mean asymmetry index). b Disambiguating the direction of left-biased vs right-biased effects. The bar plot depicts differences in regional volumes between CNV carriers and controls in each hemisphere. 16p11.2 deletion displays a similar direction of left- and right-biased effects. In other words, this CNV impacts both hemispheres in the same direction for each regional volume. However, the magnitudes of volumetric changes differ between each hemisphere. 22q11.2 deletion leads to significant effects in a single hemisphere. Specifically, this CNV decreases volume in the left fusiform cortex and increases the volume in the right parahippocampal gyrus. c Association between regional asymmetry and CNV effects. The scatterplot depicts the relationship between the coefficients of CNV-specific models and regional asymmetry in controls. Both 16p11.2 and 22q11.2 deletions effects do not significantly correlate with regional asymmetry (Pearson’s correlation P > 0.05). Planum temporale stands out as the most affected region in both CNVs. Volumetric effects leading to asymmetry alteration depend on brain region and type of genetic mutation.