Table 3.
Biochemical and immunological evaluation
| Parameter |
Control group (n = 22) (controls) |
HIV‐infected ART‐naïve (n = 73) (naïve) |
P value a |
HIV‐infected 9 months on ART (n = 73) (ART) |
P value b |
Change (Δ) in HIV group over time (n = 73) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 72 ± 14 | 70 ± 14 | 0.6 | 82 ± 16 | <0.001 | 13 ± 12 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 111 ± 38 | 92 ± 22 | 0.03 | 83 ± 19 | <0.001 | −9 ± 21 |
| Blood lipids (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Total cholesterol | 4.3 (3.8–5.0) | 3.4 (2.9–4.0) | <0.001 | 3.5 (3.0–4.1) | 0.1 | 1 (−0.3 to 0.5) |
| LDL | 2.7 (1.9–3.2) | 1.8 (1.5–2.4) | 0.004 | 1.9 (1.6–2.4) | 0.9 | −0.03 (−0.3 to 0.4) |
| HDL | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.001 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | <0.001 | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.4) |
| TG | 0.9 (0.6–1.9) | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | 0.03 | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1) |
| hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 2.4 (1.1–9.2) | 3.4 (0.8–13.7) | 0.5 | 1.9 (0.5–7.5) | 0.01 | −0.5 (−7.8 to −0.5) |
| CD4 count (cells/μL) | — | 289 (170–410) | — | 378 (271–593) | <0.001 | 100 (26–195) |
| CD8 count (cells/μL) | — | 817 (584–1147) | — | 624 (446–858) | <0.001 | −122 (−393 to 54) |
| CD4:CD8 ratio | — | 0.35 (0.19–0.45) | — | 0.60 (0.39–0.94) | <0.001 | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.6) |
| HIV viral load (log copies/mL) | — | 4.9 (4.0–5.5) | — | 1.3 c (1.3–1.6) | <0.001 | −3.4 (−4.1 to −2.4) |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides.
Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, geometric mean ± standard deviation (where indicated), or median (first quartile to third quartile). P values in bold indicate statistical significance.
Controls vs. ART‐naïve group.
ART‐naïve group vs. ART group.
Twenty copies/mL (log = 1.3) is the lower limit of measurement for our HIV‐1 assay.