Table 1.
Baseline characteristics based on sarcopenia status
| Variables | DEXA‐sarcopenia | Predicted‐sarcopenia | Anthropometric‐sarcopenia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non‐sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | P value | Non‐sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | P value | Non‐sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | P value | |
| N = 135 | N = 134 | N = 98 | N = 171 | N = 112 | N = 157 | ||||
| Age (years) | 80 [73–86] | 85 [78–87] | 0.001 | 80 [72–86] | 84 [77–87] | <0.001 | 77 [72–84] | 85 [79–88] | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 47 (34.8) | 88 (65.7) | <0.001 | 32 (32.7) | 103 (60.2) | <0.001 | 69 (61.6) | 66 (42.0) | 0.002 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.6 [20.9–25.9] | 19.5 [17.3–21.7] | <0.001 | 24.7 [23.0–27.2] | 19.5 [17.5–21.7] | <0.001 | 24.5 [22.7–26.9] | 19.0 [17.3–21.0] | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116 [106–128] | 113 [102–122] | 0.057 | 117 [108–128] | 113 [102–122] | 0.009 | 116 [108–126] | 113 [102–124] | 0.080 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 61 [58–70] | 61 [55–68] | 0.097 | 62 [58–70] | 61 [56–68] | 0.087 | 62 [58–70] | 60 [55–67] | 0.037 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 70 [60–77] | 69 [60–78] | 0.814 | 69 [59–75] | 69 [60–78] | 0.509 | 70 [59–78] | 69 [60–77] | 0.732 |
| LVEF (%) | 47 [35–63] | 46 [34–63] | 0.743 | 52 [35–64] | 46 [34–62] | 0.287 | 47 [35–63] | 47 [34–63] | 0.843 |
| NYHA III/IV at admission (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | 0.060 | 0 (0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.300 | 0 (0) | 4 (2.5) | 0.143 |
| Percentage body fat (%) | 25.7 (7.8) | 22.1 (6.7) | <0.001 | 28.5 (7.5) | 21.2 (6.0) | <0.001 | 27.1 (7.3) | 21.6 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| Past medical history (%) | |||||||||
| Heart failure | 44 (32.6) | 46 (34.3) | 0.797 | 30 (30.6) | 60 (35.1) | 0.503 | 41 (36.6) | 49 (31.2) | 0.362 |
| Hypertension | 95 (70.4) | 76 (57.1) | 0.031 | 72 (73.5) | 99 (58.2) | 0.013 | 81 (73.0) | 90 (57.3) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes | 46 (34.1) | 41 (30.6) | 0.602 | 30 (30.6) | 57 (33.3) | 0.686 | 41 (36.6) | 46 (29.3) | 0.235 |
| COPD | 9 (6.7) | 17 (12.7) | 0.103 | 5 (5.1) | 21 (12.3) | 0.084 | 16 (14.3) | 10 (6.4) | 0.037 |
| CAD | 50 (37.0) | 43 (32.1) | 0.442 | 34 (34.7) | 59 (34.5) | >0.999 | 46 (41.1) | 47 (29.9) | 0.069 |
| Prescription at admission (%) | |||||||||
| ACE‐I/ARB | 93 (68.9) | 84 (62.7) | 0.306 | 70 (71.4) | 107 (62.6) | 0.145 | 81 (72.3) | 96 (61.1) | 0.068 |
| Beta‐blocker | 106 (78.5) | 98 (73.1) | 0.322 | 79 (80.6) | 125 (73.1) | 0.185 | 89 (79.5) | 115 (73.2) | 0.252 |
| MRA | 68 (50.4) | 63 (47.0) | 0.626 | 55 (56.1) | 76 (44.4) | 0.076 | 57 (50.9) | 74 (47.1) | 0.621 |
| Laboratory data at admission | |||||||||
| Haemoglobin (mg/dL) | 12.0 [10.8–14.0] | 11.7 [10.3–13.1] | 0.136 | 12.2 [10.9–14.0] | 11.6 [10.4–13.4] | 0.082 | 12.6 [11.2–14.2] | 11.5 [10.2–13.0] | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.04 [0.82–1.38] | 1.09 [0.90–1.50] | 0.042 | 1.04 [0.81–1.38] | 1.09 [0.87–1.45] | 0.117 | 1.13 [0.87–1.47] | 1.04 [0.84–1.39] | 0.140 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 24 [19–33] | 28 [22–37] | 0.017 | 23 [19–32] | 27 [21–38] | 0.011 | 24 [19–33] | 27 [21–37] | 0.138 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 140 [138–142] | 139 [136–142] | 0.030 | 141 [138–142] | 139 [137–142] | 0.003 | 140 [137–142] | 139 [137–142] | 0.468 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.34 [0.16–0.90] | 0.34 [0.18–0.90] | 0.829 | 0.34 [0.16–0.89] | 0.34 [0.16–0.91] | 0.965 | 0.32 [0.16–0.81] | 0.38 [0.17–0.96] | 0.477 |
| BNP (pg/dL) | 208.7 [133.5–376.8] | 321.2 [158.1–515.7] | 0.011 | 211.1 [136.3–357.7] | 297.7 [152.4–512.1] | 0.015 | 208.6 [129.0–375.2] | 299.9 [158.0–496.4] | 0.024 |
ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DEXA, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Values are presented as median [interquartile range] and n (%).