Table 2.
Results of regression models evaluating the associations between substances and self-reported aspects of social functioning (N = 281)
| Intermediate smoker versus No smoker | Heavy smoker versus No smoker | |
|---|---|---|
| Outcome variable | Estimate (SE) [95% CI], p-value | Estimate (SE) [95% CI], p-value |
| Social support | 0.053 (0.992) [−1.900–2.005], p = 0.958 | 0.858 (1.052) [−1.214–2.930], p = 0.416 |
| Stigmatization – disclosure | −1.237 (1.186) [−0.079 – −1.043], p = 0.298 | −0.631 (1.288) [−0.028 – −0.490], p = 0.625 |
| Stigmatization – discrimination | −1.028 (1.138) [−3.274–1.217], p = 0.367 | 2.055 (1.248) [−0.406–4.516], p = 0.101 |
| Stigmatization – positive aspects | 0.706 (0.495) [−0.269–1.681], p = 0.155 | 0.979 (0.533) [−0.072–2.031], p = 0.068 |
| Lack of social participation | 0.035 (0.100) [−0.163–0.232], p = 0.729 | 0.075 (0.107) [−0.134–0.285], p = 0.479 |
| Loneliness | −0.580 (0.258) [−1.088 – −0.072], p = 0.025* | −0.547 (0.272) [−1.083 – −0.011], p = 0.046* |
| Non-daily cannabis versus No cannabis | Daily cannabis versus No cannabis | |
| Outcome variable | Estimate (SE) [95% CI], p-value | Estimate (SE) [95% CI], p-value |
| Social support | 1.475 (1.237) [−0.960–3.910], p = 0.234 | 0.567 (1.444) [−2.276–3.411], p = 0.695 |
| Stigmatization – disclosure | −0.984 (1.500) [−3942 – −1.974], p = 0.513 | 0.671 (1.663) [−2.609–3.950], p = 0.687 |
| Stigmatization – discrimination | 0.792 (1.431) [−2.030–3.615], p = 0.580 | −0.623 (1.638) [−3.854–2.607], p = 0.704 |
| Stigmatization – positive aspects | 0.524 (0.625) [−0.709–1.757], p = 0.403 | 0.351 (0.715) [−1.058–1.760], p = 0.624 |
| Lack of social participation | −0.115 (0.124) [−0.359–0.129], p = 0.355 | −0.348 (0.145) [−0.633 – −0.063], p = 0.017* |
| Loneliness | −0.203 (0.324) [−0.804–0.434], p = 0.531 | 0.276 (0.382) [−0.475–1.028], p = 0.470 |
| Non-problematic alcohol versus No alcohol | Problematic alcohol versus No alcohol | |
| Outcome variable | Estimate (SE) [95% CI], p-value | Estimate (SE) [95% CI], p-value |
| Social support | 0.883 (0.912) [−0.912–2.678], p = 0.334 | 3.152 (1.102) [0.982–5.321], p = 0.005* |
| Stigmatization – disclosure | 0.193 (1.123) [−2.021–2.408], p = 0.864 | −1.618 (1.372) [−4.323–1.086], p = 0.239 |
| Stigmatization – discrimination | −0.148 (1.085) [−2.288–1.993], p = 0.892 | 1.175 (1.321) [−1.431–3.781], p = 0.375 |
| Stigmatization – positive aspects | 0.700 (0.466) [−0.219–1.619], p = 0.135 | 0.222 (0.572) [−0.906–1.350], p = 0.698 |
| Lack of social participation | −0.044 (0.093) [−0.227–0.139], p = 0.637 | −0.200 (0.113) [−0.422–0.022], p = 0.078 |
| Loneliness | −0.077 (0.243) [−0.554–0.401], p = 0.544 | −0.350 (0.292) [−0.926–0.225], p = 0.232 |
Note: Estimate (standard error). [95% CI] = 95% confidence interval. Higher scores indicate poorer outcomes, with the exception of the social support outcome. No use is the reference category against which other levels of use are compared. All estimates are corrected for age, gender, and psychopathology.
*
p <0.05