Table 2.
Multivariable associations between achievement of the weight loss goal and cardiovascular outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, randomization arm, and race/ethnicity or SES, with examination interactions between arm and race/ethnicity.
| Multivariable Models of Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | 7 % Weight Loss Goal 1 yr |
4p MACE |
Mortality |
|||
| Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|
| ||||||
| Intercept | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05), p < 0.001 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Age | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03), p < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03), p < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.07), p < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.07), p < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.07, 1.10), p < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.07, 1.10), p < 0.001 |
| Sex: Male | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12), p = 0.619 | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12), p = 0.616 | 1.97 (1.69, 2.29), p = 0 | 1.96 (1.69, 2.28), p = 0 | 1.57 (1.26, 1.95), p < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.26, 1.95), p < 0.001 |
| Insulin use | 0.86 (0.70, 1.04), p = 0.126 | 0.86 (0.70, 1.04), p = 0.126 | 1.42 (1.20, 1.68), p < 0.001 | 1.42 (1.20, 1.68), p < 0.001 | 1.82 (1.44, 2.30), p < 0.001 | 1.82 (1.44, 2.30), p < 0.001 |
| Arm: ILI | 18.09 (15.07, 21.85), p < 0.001 | 17.35 (14.1, 21.51), p < 0.001 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13), p = 0.792 | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12), p = 0.567 | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10), p = 0.292 | 0.94 (0.74, 1.19), p = 0.592 |
| Race/ethnicity (ref = White) | ||||||
| Black | 0.54 (0.44, 0.67), p < 0.001 | 0.45 (0.24, 0.76), p = 0.006 | 0.92 (0.74, 1.13), p = 0.424 | 0.75 (0.55, 1.03), p = 0.074 | 0.91 (0.66, 1.24), p = 0.532 | 0.92 (0.60, 1.41), p = 0.705 |
| Hispanic | 0.75 (0.60, 0.93), p = 0.011 | 0.67 (0.38, 1.1), p = 0.135 | 0.75 (0.59, 0.97), p = 0.025 | 0.85 (0.61, 1.17), p = 0.315 | 0.76 (0.53, 1.10), p = 0.141 | 0.91 (0.58, 1.44), p = 0.692 |
| Arm by Race/Ethnicity Interactions | ||||||
| ILI * Black | 1.25 (0.70, 2.39), p = 0.467 | 1.46 (0.96, 2.22), p = 0.075 | 0.96 (0.52, 1.77), p = 0.904 | |||
| ILI * Hispanic | 1.15 (0.66, 2.10), p = 0.645 | 0.76 (0.46, 1.26), p = 0.289 | 0.62 (0.29, 1.34), p = 0.225 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Multivariable Models of Educational Attainment | ||||||
| Outcome | 7 % Weight Loss Goal 1 yr |
4p MACE |
Mortality |
|||
| Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|
| ||||||
| Intercept | 0.02 (0.01, 0.05), p < 0.001 | 0.01 (0, 0.03), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Age | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04), p < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04), p < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.07), p < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.05, 1.07), p < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.07, 1.10), p < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.07, 1.10), p < 0.001 |
| Sex: Male | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21), p = 0.682 | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21), p = 0.705 | 2.06 (1.77, 2.39), p < 0.001 | 2.06 (1.77, 2.39), p < 0.001 | 1.62 (1.30, 2.02), p < 0.001 | 1.62 (1.30, 2.02), p < 0.001 |
| Insulin use | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01), p = 0.067 | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01), p = 0.067 | 1.39 (1.17, 1.64), p < 0.001 | 1.39 (1.18, 1.65), p < 0.001 | 1.79 (1.42, 2.26), p < 0.001 | 1.79 (1.42, 2.26), p < 0.001 |
| Arm: ILI | 17.71 (14.76, 21.37), p < 0.001 | 61.82 (24.12, 210.62), p < 0.001 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.14), p = 0.823 | 0.82 (0.39, 1.73), p = 0.604 | 0.9 (0.73, 1.11), p = 0.316 | 0.36 (0.12, 1.14), p = 0.082 |
| EA (Ref = Less than HS degree) | ||||||
| HS Degree | 0.72 (0.50, 1.03), p = 0.075 | 1.75 (0.63, 6.19), p = 0.323 | 1.51 (0.99, 2.29), p = 0.054 | 1.22 (0.68, 2.19), p = 0.502 | 1.13 (0.63, 2.03), p = 0.692 | 0.69 (0.33, 1.44), p = 0.321 |
| Some College | 0.70 (0.51, 0.98), p = 0.035 | 2.17 (0.87, 7.27), p = 0.141 | 1.61 (1.09, 2.38), p = 0.016 | 1.59 (0.94, 2.70), p = 0.086 | 1.36 (0.80, 2.32), p = 0.257 | 1.00 (0.53, 1.89), p = 0.99 |
| College Degree or higher | 0.85 (0.62, 1.18), p = 0.335 | 2.61 (1.06, 8.67), p = 0.067 | 1.3 (0.88, 1.92), p = 0.187 | 1.14 (0.67, 1.94), p = 0.628 | 1.15 (0.67, 1.96), p = 0.619 | 0.8 (0.43, 1.52), p = 0.501 |
| Arm by EA Interactions | ||||||
| ILI * HS Degree | 0.26 (0.07, 0.70), p = 0.016 | 1.52 (0.66, 3.52), p = 0.327 | 3.42 (0.94, 12.46), p = 0.062 | |||
| ILI * Some College | 0.35 (0.09, 1.05), p = 0.079 | 1.03 (0.47, 2.23), p = 0.947 | 2.33 (0.71, 7.68), p = 0.164 | |||
| ILI * College Degree or higher | 0.26 (0.07, 0.70), p = 0.015 | 1.30 (0.60, 2.83), p = 0.503 | 2.60 (0.79, 8.52), p = 0.116 | |||
Model 1 = adjusted for age, sex, baseline insulin use, randomization arm, and exposure (either race/ethnicity or educational attainment).
Model 2 = adjusted for age, sex, baseline insulin use, randomization arm, exposure (either race/ethnicity or educational attainment), and arm-by-exposure (either race/ethnicity or educational attainment) interactions.
4p MACE = four-point major adverse cardiovascular events (death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for angina); EA = educational attainment; ILI = intensive lifestyle intervention; HS = high school.