TABLE 5.
Prevalence of women with stable health insurance coverage, unstable health insurance coverage, or no health insurance coverage from the month before pregnancy to the time of delivery, by selected maternal characteristics — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 29 states,* 2009
| Stable coverage | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Private | Medicaid | Unstable coverage | Uninsured | |||||||||||||||
| Characteristic | No.† | %§ | (95% CI) | No. | % | (95% CI) | AOR¶ | (95% CI) | No. | % | (95% CI) | AOR** | (95% CI) | No. | % | (95% CI) | No. | % | (95% CI) |
| Overall | 36,710 | 100.0 | NA | 19,073 | 52.7 | (51.9–53.6) | NA | NA | 6,448 | 16.1 | (15.4–16.7) | NA | NA | 10,845 | 30.1 | (29.2–30.9) | 344 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) |
| Age (yrs) | |||||||||||||||||||
| ≤19 | 3,542 | 9.9 | (9.3–10.5) | 617 | 3.2 | (2.7–3.6) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.4) | 1,421 | 24.4 | (22.3–26.4) | 3.5 | (2.5–4.8) | 1,486 | 14.3 | (13.0–15.6) | 18 | 4.4 | (1.0–7.8) |
| 20–25 | 10,635 | 28.7 | (27.9–29.5) | 3,240 | 16.4 | (15.5–17.3) | 0.4 | (0.3–0.5) | 2,548 | 40.0 | (37.7–42.2) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.6) | 4,729 | 44.0 | (42.2–45.8) | 118 | 34.8 | (25.6–44.0) |
| 26–34 | 16,990 | 47.7 | (46.8–48.6) | 11,118 | 61.2 | (60.1–62.3) | 0.8 | (0.7–1.0) | 2,009 | 29.6 | (27.6–31.6) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) | 3,696 | 33.6 | (31.9–35.3) | 167 | 48.1 | (38.4–57.8) |
| ≥35 | 5,541 | 13.7 | (13.1–14.3) | 4,097 | 19.3 | (18.4–20.2) | Ref. | Ref. | 469 | 6.1 | (5.1–7.0) | Ref. | Ref. | 934 | 8.1 | (7.0–9.1) | 41 | 12.7 | (6.8–18.6) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 20,432 | 61.4 | (60.8–62.0) | 12,792 | 74.8 | (74.0–75.5) | Ref. | Ref. | 2,446 | 42.8 | (41.2–44.4) | Ref. | Ref. | 5,000 | 47.9 | (46.7–49.1) | 194 | 61.8 | (55.7–67.8) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 5,883 | 14.0 | (13.6–14.5) | 1,824 | 8.0 | (7.5–8.5) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.0) | 2,040 | 30.1 | (28.7–31.6) | 1.8 | (1.6–2.2) | 1,991 | 16.4 | (15.5–17.3) | 28 | 4.5 | (3.2–5.7) |
| Hispanic | 5,029 | 17.8 | (17.3–18.2) | 1,461 | 9.5 | (9.1–9.9) | 0.5 | (0.4–0.6) | 1,086 | 21.5 | (20.4–22.5) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.7) | 2,409 | 30.0 | (29.0–31.0) | 73 | 28.1 | (21.3–35.0) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1,162 | 0.7 | (0.7–0.8) | 301 | 0.3 | (0.3–0.4) | 0.4 | (0.3–0.7) | 344 | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.3) | 489 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) | 28 | 2.3 | (1.1–3.6) |
| Other | 3,958 | 6.0 | (5.7–6.4) | 2,567 | 7.5 | (7.0–7.9) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) | 496 | 4.4 | (3.7–5.1) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.7) | 875 | 4.5 | (3.9–5.1) | 20 | 3.3 | (0.1–6.5) |
| Education | |||||||||||||||||||
| <High school | 5,624 | 15.7 | (15.0–16.4) | 703 | 3.7 | (3.2–4.2) | 0.3 | (0.3–0.4) | 2,201 | 36.7 | (34.5–38.9) | 1.8 | (1.5–2.2) | 2,603 | 24.8 | (23.2–26.4) | 117 | 43.7 | (35.9–51.4) |
| High school | 9,995 | 27.4 | (26.6–28.3) | 3,157 | 16.4 | (15.5–17.3) | 0.5 | (0.4–0.6) | 2,645 | 41.0 | (38.8–43.3) | 1.4 | (1.2–1.6) | 4,116 | 39.8 | (38.0–41.6) | 77 | 21.2 | (13.3–29.1) |
| >High school | 20,630 | 56.8 | (56.0–57.7) | 14,998 | 79.9 | (78.9–80.9) | Ref. | Ref. | 1,522 | 22.3 | (20.6–24.0) | Ref. | Ref. | 3,967 | 35.4 | (33.8–37.1) | 143 | 35.1 | (28.0–42.3) |
| Marital status | |||||||||||||||||||
| Married | 22,364 | 61.4 | (60.5–62.3) | 16,080 | 84.9 | (84.0–85.8) | Ref. | Ref. | 1,627 | 25.0 | (23.1–26.9) | Ref. | Ref. | 4,416 | 39.1 | (37.4–40.9) | 241 | 73.4 | (65.1–81.7) |
| Not married | 14,316 | 38.6 | (37.7–39.5) | 2,983 | 15.1 | (14.2–16.0) | 0.3 | (0.3–0.4) | 4,819 | 75.0 | (73.1–76.9) | 1.7 | (1.4–1.9) | 6,412 | 60.9 | (59.1–62.6) | 102 | 26.6 | (18.3–34.9) |
| Federal poverty level | |||||||||||||||||||
| ≤200% | 17,510 | 49.5 | (48.6–50.4) | 3,615 | 18.0 | (17.1–18.9) | 0.1 | (0.1–0.1) | 5,437 | 94.8 | (93.7–95.9) | 2.3 | (1.8–3.0) | 8,279 | 83.8 | (82.5–85.1) | 179 | 60.9 | (53.0–68.8) |
| >200% | 16,765 | 50.5 | (49.6–51.4) | 14,720 | 82.0 | (81.1–82.9) | Ref. | Ref. | 282 | 5.2 | (4.1–6.3) | Ref. | Ref. | 1,637 | 16.2 | (14.9–17.5) | 126 | 39.1 | (31.2–47.0) |
| Prenatal care initiation | |||||||||||||||||||
| First trimester | 29,688 | 82.0 | (81.2–82.7) | 17,302 | 93.0 | (92.4–93.6) | Ref. | Ref. | 4,625 | 73.6 | (71.6–75.7) | Ref. | Ref. | 7,577 | 67.8 | (66.1–69.6) | 184 | 54.5 | (45.4–63.5) |
| Later | 6,370 | 18.0 | (17.3–18.8) | 1,546 | 7.0 | (6.4–7.6) | 0.4 | (0.3–0.5) | 1,631 | 26.4 | (24.3–28.4) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.7) | 3,041 | 32.2 | (30.4–33.9) | 152 | 45.5 | (36.5–54.6) |
| Delivery location | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hospital | 36,482 | 99.4 | (99.3–99.5) | 18,996 | 99.5 | (99.3–99.7) | Ref. | Ref. | 6,426 | 99.9 | (99.9–100.0) | Ref. | Ref. | 10,771 | 99.5 | (99.3–99.7) | 289 | 82.9 | (78.3–87.6) |
| Residence | 208 | 0.6 | (0.5–0.7) | 71 | 0.5 | (0.3–0.7) | 0.4 | (0.2–1.1) | 17 | 0.1 | (0.0–0.1) | 0.2 | (0.1–0.5) | 65 | 0.5 | (0.3–0.7) | 55 | 17.1 | (12.4–21.7) |
| Parity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Primiparous | 15,546 | 41.3 | (40.4–42.2) | 8,404 | 42.3 | (41.2–43.5) | Ref. | Ref. | 1,923 | 30.1 | (28.0–32.2) | Ref. | Ref. | 5,111 | 45.9 | (44.1–47.7) | 108 | 31.1 | (22.2–40.0) |
| Multiparous | 21,068 | 58.7 | (57.8–59.6) | 10,595 | 57.7 | (56.5–58.8) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.3) | 4,501 | 69.9 | (67.8–72.0) | 3.6 | (3.0–4.3) | 5,678 | 54.1 | (52.3–55.9) | 235 | 68.9 | (60.0–77.8) |
| Pregnancy intention | |||||||||||||||||||
| Intended | 20,608 | 56.4 | (55.5–57.3) | 13,413 | 70.4 | (69.3–71.5) | Ref. | Ref. | 2,396 | 36.8 | (34.6–39.0) | Ref. | Ref. | 4,626 | 42.2 | (40.4–44.0) | 173 | 55.6 | (46.1–65.0) |
| Unintended | 15,473 | 43.6 | (42.7–44.5) | 5,375 | 29.6 | (28.5–30.7) | 0.8 | (0.7–0.9) | 3,910 | 63.2 | (61.0–65.4) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.1) | 6,027 | 57.8 | (56.0–59.6) | 161 | 44.4 | (35.0–53.9) |
Abbreviations: AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; NA = not applicable; Ref. = reference.
*
Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
†
Unweighted sample size.
§
Weighted percentage.
¶
AOR comparing characteristics of women with stable private coverage with those with unstable coverage.
**
AOR comparing characteristics of women with stable Medicaid coverage with those with unstable coverage.