Table 5. Polymerization of nBA in DMF, Cyrene, and Cygnet 0.0 via SARA ATRPa.
EMYappg [%] |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
entry | solvent | t [h] | convb [%] | Mn,theoc | Mn,appd | Mw/Mnd | Ieffe [%] | EMYtheof [%] | dialysis | precipitation |
1 | DMF | 2.0 | 79 | 8,300 | 9,500 | 1.10 | 88 | 79 | 78 | 77 |
2 | Cyrene | 3.0 | 82 | 8,600 | 6,400 | 1.12 | 135 | 4,008 | 3,626 | 3,811 |
3 | Cygnet 0.0 | 2.0 | 88 | 9,200 | 8,600 | 1.12 | 107 | 4,299 | 4,181 | 2,734 |
General reaction conditions: T = 50 °C for entries 1 and 2 and T = 75 °C for entry 3; Vtot = 4 mL; argon atmosphere; ligand: TPMA for entry 1, and Me6TREN for entries 2 and 3; [nBA]0 = 50% v/v; [nBA]0 = 3.45 M; [CuII/L]0 = 300 ppm; [nBA]0/[EBiB]0/[CuIIBr2/ligand]0 = 80/1/0.024. SARA ATRP with copper wire: d = 0.1 cm, l = 4 cm.
Monomer conversion, apparent rate constant of propagation (kpapp), and apparent theoretical degree of polymerization of monomer unit (DPn,theo) were determined by NMR.
Mn,theo = ([nBA]0/[EBiB]0) × conversion × MnBA + MEBiB.
Apparent Mn and Mw/Mn were determined by GPC.
Initiation efficiency, Ieff = (Mn,theo/Mn,app) × 100%.
EMYtheo, theoretical effective mass yield, defined as the percentage of the mass of the desired product calculated based on monomer conversion calculated from NMR analysis relative to the mass of all nonbenign materials used in its synthesis, i.e., catalyst, ligand, unreacted monomer, and solvent in the case of the synthesis in DMF.
EMYapp, apparent effective mass yield, defined as the percentage of the actual mass of weighed polymer after dialysis or precipitation relative to the mass of all nonbenign materials used in its synthesis, i.e., catalyst, ligand, unreacted monomer, and solvent in the case of the synthesis in DMF.