Table 2.
Insomnia symptoms, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness by level of physical activity
| Persistently non-active (n=1601) |
Became inactive (n=881) |
Became active (n=775) |
Persistently active (n=1082) |
*P value | |
| Insomnia symptoms | |||||
| Difficulties initiating sleep (%) | 15.4 | 14.0 | 11.7 | 8.2 | <0.001 |
| Difficulties maintaining sleep (%) | 31.9 | 32.1 | 33.0 | 28.5 | 0.128 |
| Early morning awakenings (%) | 18.2 | 18.3 | 15.0 | 13.2 | 0.002 |
| Any insomnia symptom (%) | 41.0 | 41.5 | 39.5 | 34.9 | 0.006 |
| Number of insomnia symptoms (%) | |||||
| 0 | 58.4 | 58.2 | 61.0 | 64.9 | 0.001 |
| 1 | 23.2 | 25.2 | 24.0 | 23.8 | |
| 2 | 11.9 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 7.8 | |
| 3 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 5.1 | 3.6 | |
| Sleep duration | |||||
| Sleep time (hours) | 6.8±1.1 | 6.8±1.0 | 6.9±1.0 | 6.9±0.9 | 0.234 |
| Sleep time, % | <0.001 | ||||
| Short sleepers (≤6 hours) | 35.9 | 31.9 | 20.7 | 26.9 | |
| Normal sleepers (6–9 hours) | 59.2 | 64.6 | 66.9 | 70.9 | |
| Long sleepers (≥9 hours) | 4.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.2 | |
| Daytime sleepiness | |||||
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale score | 6.8±4.1 | 7.2±4.1 | 6.9±4.1 | 6.9±3.8 | 0.106 |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >10 (%) | 17.2 | 19.4 | 17.7 | 15.6 | 0.176 |
Data are presented as mean±SD or % where indicated. Significant differences are in bold (p<0.05).
*P value from Pearson’s χ2 test (numerical variables) and one-way analysis of variance (continuous variables).