Table 2.
Reported stress and burden of the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Group with SA | Group with SI | Psychiatric control group | Statistical comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSQ-25 | ||||
| Psychological stress symptomsA | 53.9 [11.9] | 53.2 [11.6] | 44.9 [13.3] | F[2,107]=6.58, p=0.002 SAs vs PCs, p=0.005D SIs vs PCs, p=0.02 D SAs vs SIs p>0.9 |
| Physical stress symptomsA | 26.2 [8.3] | 26.1 [8.9] | 26.0 [8.6] | F[2,107]=0.01, p=n.s. |
| PASA | ||||
| Primary appraisal subscaleA | 16.9 [4.4] | 15.5 [5.1] | 17.0 [3.6] | F[2,107]=1.18, p=n.s. |
| Secondary appraisal subscaleA | 14.7 [4.2] | 15.4 [4.3] | 16.0 [3.0] | F[2,107]=1.27, p=n.s. |
| Total stress indexA | 2.3 [7.2] | 0.1 [8.1] | 1.0 [5.5] | F[2,107]=0.84, p=n.s. |
| Individual burden of the pandemic | ||||
| “Family/Partnership” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=29 [76.3%] 4.6 [1.4] |
n=15 [55.6%] 4.3 [2.0] |
n=24 [53.3%] 5.1 [1.5] |
SA > PC, p=0.025 n.s. |
| “Apartment” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=10 [26.3%] 4.2 [1.8] |
n=10 [37.0%] 4.1 [2.0] |
n=20 [44.4%] 4.8 [1.7] |
n.s. n.s. |
| “Social Life” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=23 [60.5%] 4.6 [1.6] |
n=19 [70.4%] 5.5 [1.3] |
n=43 [95.6%] 5.2 [1.3] |
n.s. PC > SI, p=0.005 |
| “Job” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=22 [57.9%] 5.8 [1.4] |
n=18 [66.7%] 5.4 [1.4] |
n=27 [60.0%] 5.7 [1.4] |
n.s. n.s. |
| “Finance” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=10 [26.3%] 5.4 [1.6] |
n=7 [25.9%] 4.4 [1.4] |
n=12 [26.7%] 5.7 [1.8] |
n.s. n.s. |
| “Leisure Time” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=35 [92.1%] 5.7 [1.8] |
n=23 [85.2%] 4.9 [1.5] |
n=39 [86.7%] 5.2 [1.4] |
n.s. n.s. |
| “Health” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=23 [60.5%] 5.6 [1.4] |
n=21 [77.8%] 5.2 [1.2] |
n=35 [77.8%] 5.3 [1.6] |
n.s. n.s. |
| “Regeneration” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=14 [36.8%] 4.4 [1.6] |
n=7 [25.9%] 4.3 [1.5] |
n=22 [48.9%] 4.9 [1.7] |
n.s. PC > SI, p=0.046 |
| “Life Perspective” - frequency B: - intensity C: |
n=18 [47.4%] 4.9 [1.4] |
n=17 [63.0%] 4.9 [1.7] |
n=36 [80.0%] 4.9 [1.8] |
PC > SA, p=0.002 n.s. |
A Groups were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and post-hoc t-tests.
B Groups were analyzed using Fischer’s exact test.
C Groups were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis-H test and post-hoc Mann-Whitney-U test.
D Bonferroni-adjusted p-values for multiple post-hoc t-tests.
The data is presented as mean [SD]. PASA, Primary Appraisal Secondary Appraisal Questionnaire; SSQ-25, Subclinical Stress Symptom Questionnaire; SA, suicide attempt; SD, standard deviation; SI, suicide ideation; PC, patient controls; n.s., not significant.