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. 2024 Feb 27;15(13):4723–4756. doi: 10.1039/d4sc00546e

Electrocatalytic oxidation of furan compounds.

Substrate Catalysts Electrolyte Concentration (mM) Potential (V vs. RHE) Conversion (%) Product/sel. (%) FE (%) Ref.
HMF Pt foil 0.1 M NaOH — 0.44 70 DFF, ∼26 — 70
HMF Pt NaHCO3 — — — DFF, — — 66
HMF Pt 1.0 M H2SO4 — 2.0 88.3 DFF, 13.1 — 67
HMF Pt 0.3 M NaClO4 — 0.73 9.0 DFF, 4.0 9.0 68
HMF PtRu 0.1 M H2SO4 100 — 25 DFF, 89 — 44
HMF Ru1-NiO 1.0 M PBS 50 1.5 72.4 DFF, 90 70 51
HMF MnOx H2SO4 (pH = 1) 20 2 95.8 DFF, — — 71
HMF Co8Ce2Ox 0.1 M Na2B4O7 5 1.5 — DFF, 92 48.7 72
HMF Cu NPs 0.1 M KOH 10 1.23 — FFCA, 67 113
HMF Au/C 0.1 M KOH 20 0.9 100 HMFCA, — — 73
HMF Cu 1 M KOH 50 0.4 ∼70 HMFCA, 100 100 43
HMF Ru1-NiO 1 M KOH 50 1.3 — HMFCA, 74 — 51
HMF Co(OH)2–CeO2 0.1 M PBS (pH = 7) 10 1.4 ∼96 HMFCA, 89.4 — 76
HMF CoOx 0.1 M KOH 5 1.6 — HMFCA, 48 — 52
HMF Pd1Au2/C 0.1 M KOH 20 0.9 100 FDCA, 83 — 73
HMF Pd7/Au7 1.0 M KOH 5 0.82 ∼42.4 FDCA, 38.7 85.8 74
HMF Co1Cu1–CH 1.0 M KOH 10 1.42 99.57 FDCA, 99.91 98.88 114
HMF Ni NPs 0.1 M KOH 10 1.5 — — — 115
HMF Ni/CP 0.1 M KOH 5 1.36 99.7 FDCA, 99.4 99.4 61
HMF hp-Ni 1.0 M KOH 10 1.423 — FDCA, — 98 116
HMF NiCu NTs 1.0 M KOH 20 1.424 ∼100 FDCA, 99 96.4 78
HMF Ni–Cu/NF 1.0 M KOH 50 1.45 — FDCA, 100 99.7 79
HMF Rh–O5/Ni(Fe) 1.0 M KOH 50 1.48 98 FDCA, 99.8 98.5 117
HMF Ir–Co3O4 1.0 M KOH 50 1.42 — FDCA, — 98 62
HMF VO-Co3O4 1.0 M KOH 10 1.47 — FDCA, — 88.1 40
HMF NiO–Co3O4 1.0 M KOH 10 1.35 — FDCA, — 96.0 82
HMF NiCo2O4 1.0 M KOH 10 1.45 — FDCA, 99.4 99 87
HMF Ni0.5Co2.5O4 1.0 M KOH 50 1.5 — FDCA, — 90.3 38
HMF NiO-CMK-1 0.2 M KOH 20 1.85 65 FDCA, 79 70 56
HMF Pt/Ni(OH)2 1.0 M KOH 50 — — FDCA, — 98.7 89
HMF CoOxHy 1.0 M KOH 10 1.5 — FDCA, — 70 90
HMF CF-Cu(OH)2 1.0 M KOH 100 1.823 — FDCA, — 100 53
HMF E-CoAl-LDH-NSA 0.1 M KOH 10 1.52 — FDCA, — 99.4 42
HMF NiFe LDH 1.0 M KOH 10 1.23 98.6 FDCA, 99 99.4 118
HMF d-NiFe LDH 1.0 M KOH 10 1.48 97.4 FDCA, 99.4 84.5 92
HMF CoFe-LDH@NiFe-LDH 1.0 M KOH 10 1.4 — FDCA,100% 99.8 93
HMF Ru0.3/NiFe-LDH 1.0 M KOH 5 1.48 99.4 FDCA, 99.2 — 94
HMF NiCoFe LDH 1.0 M NaOH 10 1.52 — FDCA, 88.9 ∼90 54
HMF NiCoMn LDH 1.0 M NaOH 1 1.50 100 FDCA, 91.7 ∼65 91
HMF CoOOH 1.0 M KOH 10 1.423 100 FDCA, 100 99 86
HMF NiOOH 0.1 M KOH 5 1.47 — FDCA, 96.2 96 47
HMF MnOx 0.1 M H2SO4 20 1.6 99.9 FDCA, — 34 67
HMF Ni3S2/NF 1.0 M KOH 10 1.423 — FDCA, 98.0 98.0 103
HMF Co0.4NiS@NF 1.0 M KOH 10 1.45 100 FDCA, 99 99.1 107
HMF N–MoO2–Ni3S2 1.0 M KOH 10 1.623 90 FDCA,100 — 119
HMF Co9S8–Ni3S2@NSOC/NF 1.0 M KOH 10 1.4 100 FDCA, 98.8 98.6 120
HMF NiSx/Ni2P 1.0 M KOH 10 1.46 — FDCA, 98.8 95.1 109
HMF NiCo–S 1.0 M KOH 10 1.45 99.1 FDCA, 98.0 96.4 121
HMF Co–P/CF 1.0 M KOH 50 1.423 100 FDCA, 90.0 — 102
HMF Ni2P NPA/NF 1.0 M KOH 10 — — FDCA, 100 98 104
HMF NiFeP 1.0 M KOH 10 1.435 — FDCA, 100 94.6 108
HMF CoNiP-NIE 1.0 M KOH 10 1.5 — FDCA, — 87.2 122
HMF MoO2–FeP 1.0 M KOH 10 1.42 100 FDCA, 98.6 97.8 112
HMF NiP–Al2O3/NF 1.0 M KOH 0.3 1.45 98.2 FDCA, 99.6 96 123
HMF NiBx 1.0 M KOH 10 0.6 vs. NER 99.8 FDCA, 99.0 99.5 105
HMF NixB (flow cell) 1.0 M KOH 10 1.45 100 FDCA, 98.5 100 84
HMF Ni3N@C 1.0 M KOH 10 1.45 — FDCA, 98.0 99 55
HMF Ni3N 1.0 M KOH 50 1.47 — FDCA, ∼92.0 — 106
HMF Ni3N–V2O3 1.0 M KOH 10 — — FDCA, 98.7 — 124
HMF VN 1.0 M KOH 10 20 mA 98.0 FDCA, 96.0 84 98
HMF NF@Mo–Ni0.85Se 1.0 M KOH 10 1.40 100 FDCA, 95.0 95.0 111
HMF NiSe@NiOx 1.0 M KOH 10 1.423 — FDCA, 99.0 99.0 100
HMF CoO–CoSe 1.0 M KOH 10 1.43 — FDCA, 99.0 97.9 110
HMF F–NiCo2O4/CC 1.0 M KOH 10 1.45 98.47 FDCA, 99.51 98.1 125
HMF NiVWv-LMH 1.0 M KOH 10 1.39 ∼100 FDCA, 99.2 — 126
FF PbO2 0.05 M H2SO4 10 2.0 100 MA, 65.1 33.4 127
FF CuS [Et3NH]NO3 (1.8 wt%) 1 1.6 70.2 HFN, 3.6 77.1 128
FF Au/C 0.25 M HClO4 50 0.8 — FA, 99 100 129
FF Cu/Cu foam 1.0 M KOH 50 0.3 V (H-cell) — FA + H2, — 100 59
FF PbO2 0.1 M KOH 10 1.3 (Ag/AgCl) — FA, 99.3 85 130
FF H–PdCu 0.1 M KOH 200 0.88 (OCV, H cell) — FA, — 93.3 131
FF Ag2O@Ni 2.0 M KOH 100 1.95 V (OCV) — FA, — — 132
FF Pt–Co3O4 1.0 M KOH 50 1.55 V 44.2 FA, 55 66.1 133