Table 2.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of O-desmethyltramadol (M1) after intravenous (IV) administration of tramadol (2 mg∙kg−1) in association with metamizole (10 mg∙kg−1 or 25 mg∙kg−1) in ten donkeys.
| M1 | (Tramadol 2 mg∙kg−1 IV) Mouta et al., 2021 [19] | T2M10
(Tramadol 2 mg∙kg−1 and Metamizole 10 mg∙kg−1 IV) |
T2M25 (Tramadol 2 mg∙kg−1 and Metamizole 25 mg∙kg IV) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax (ng/mL) | 90 ± 61 a | 94 ± 22 a | 124 ± 30 b |
| Tmax (h) | 1.00 ± 0.16 a | 0.72 ± 0.14 a | 0.91 ± 0.08 a |
| AUC0 → ∞ (h.ng/mL) | 379 ± 238 a | 303 ± 76 a | 584 ± 412 b |
| T1/2 (h) | 8.43 ± 3.57 a | 6.11 ± 1.35 a | 13.50 ± 2.62 b |
| Vz (L/h/kg) | NA | 8.05 ± 5.12 a | 8.32 ± 7.73 a |
| Cl (L/h/kg) | NA | 9.32 ± 6.51 a | 5.48 ± 2.54 a |
| MRT0 → ∞ (h) | 10.80 ± 4.30 a | 5.09 ± 0.91 b | 18.25 ± 4.35 c |
Notes: Results are presented as the mean ± SD of n = 10. a, b and c: different subscript letters show statistical differences between treatments (p < 0.05). Cmax: maximum concentration; Tmax: time to peak concentration; AUC0 → ∞: area under the curve from time zero to infinity; T1/2: elimination half-life; Vz: volume of distribution; Cl: clearance; MRT0 → ∞: mean residence time from zero to infinity; NA: not applicable.