Table 4.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) after intravenous (IV) administration of tramadol (2 mg∙kg−1) in association with metamizole (10 mg∙kg−1 or 25 mg∙kg−1) in ten donkeys.
| 4-AA | (Metamizol 10 mg∙kg−1 IV) Macêdo et al., 2021 [20] | T2M10
(Tramadol 2 mg∙kg−1 and Metamizol 10 mg∙kg−1 IV) |
(Metamizol 25 mg∙kg−1 IV) Macêdo et al., 2021 [20] | T2M25 (Tramadol 2 mg∙kg−1 and Metamizol 25 mg∙kg−1 IV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax (µg/mL) | 1598 ± 0.25 a | 1941 ± 0.46 a | 2855 ± 0.55 b | 1067 ± 0.14 a |
| Tmax (h) | 0.22 ± 0.06 a | 1.56 ± 0.65 b | 0.15 ± 0.06 a | 0.91 ± 0.36 b |
| AUC0→ ∞ (h.µg/mL) | 6801 ± 1569 a | 14,175 ± 4367 b | 12,494 ± 1532 b | 11,981 ± 2583 b |
| T1/2 (h) | 6.37 ± 1.30 a | 9.41 ± 2.42 b | 7.11 ± 1.01 a | 10.47 ± 0.98 b |
| Vz (L/h/kg) | NA | 33.2 ± 3.4 a | NA | 37.1 ± 3.5 a |
| Cl (L/h/kg) | NA | 3.1 ± 0.3 a | NA | 2.5 ± 0.3 a |
| MRT0 → ∞ (h) | 10.95 ± 1.61 a | 14.04 ± 3.54 a | 11.20 ± 1.43 a | 15.55 ± 1.41 a |
Notes: Results are presented as the mean ± SD of n = 10. a, b: different subscript letters show statistical differences between treatments (p < 0.05). Cmax: maximum concentration; Tmax: time to peak concentration; AUC0 → ∞: area under the curve from time zero to infinity; T1/2: elimination half-life; Vz: volume of distribution; Cl: clearance; MRT0 → ∞: mean residence time from zero to infinity; NA: not applicable.