. 2024 Mar 27;132(3):037007. doi: 10.1289/EHP12548

Table 2.

Geometric mean (GM) and adjusted GM ratio of urinary arsenic ( $μ g / g$ creatinine) overall and by study arm comparing baseline [before Strong Heart Water Study (SHWS) intervention] to final follow-up for participants in the SHWS randomized controlled trial ( $uppercase italic n equals 82$ ).

Arm	Urinary arsenic GM (range)				Adjusted linear regression^a
Arm	$n$	Baseline	$n$	Follow-up	$n$	GM ratio	(95% CI)	$p$ -Value
Overall	82	13.2 (0.21–136.4)	74	7.00 (1.45–46.7)	74	0.52	(0.39, 0.69)	$less than 0.001$
mHealth and Filter arm	50	14.6 (0.21–136.4)	46	6.55 (1.51–46.7)	46	0.43	(0.28, 0.66)	$less than 0.001$
Intensive arm	32	11.2 (3.17–44.1)	28	7.82 (1.45–32.7)	28	0.71	(0.55, 0.92)	0.011

Note: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GM, geometric mean.

^{^a}

Urinary arsenic was defined as the sum of inorganic arsenic (iAs) ( $μ g / g$ creatinine), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) measurements, with GMs reported. Adjusted for sociodemographic factors (sex and age) and lifestyle factors (ever smoking and baseline BMI), and study arm. Urinary arsenic is log-transformed for analysis. Regression analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering at the household level using an exchangeable correlation.