Table 1.

Summary of the health benefits of EHW.

Benefits	Subject	Outline of Effects	References
Antioxidant Effects	IBD model rats	ROS↓, antioxidant defense↑	[6]
	Stress model rats	ROS↓, antioxidant defense↑	[17]
	In vitro	ROS↓	[42,43,46,47,48,52]
	Gastric injury model rats	Lipid peroxidation↓	[50]
	In vitro	Ethanol-induced cytotoxicity↓	[53]
	End-stage renal disease patients	Antioxidant defense↑	[54]
	Neuropathic pain model mouse	Antioxidant defense↑	[8]
	Inflammatory pain model mouse	Antioxidant defense↑	[5]
Anti-inflammatory Effects	IBD model rats	Inflammatory cell infiltration↓,	[6]
		Proinflammatory cytokines↓
	Atopic dermatitis model mouse	Chemokine↓, cytokines↓	[15]
		Infiltration of mast cells↓
	Stress model rats	Proinflammatory cytokines↓	[17]
	Gastric injury model rats	Proinflammatory cytokines↓	[7,50]
	Neuroinflammation model mouse/In vitro	Proinflammatory cytokines↓	[51]
		Anti-inflammatory cytokines↑
		Microglial activation↓
	End-stage renal disease patients	Inflammatory markers↓	[54]
	Inflammatory pain model mouse	Inflammatory mediator↓	[5]
Analgesic Effects	IBD model rats	Abdominal pain↓	[6]
	Neuropathic pain model mouse	Allodynia and hyperalgesia↓	[8]
	Inflammatory pain model mouse	Mechanical allodynia↓, Thermal hyperalgesia↓	[5]
Other Effects
Anti-fatigue effect	Neuroinflammation model	Sickness behavior↓, recovery↑	[51]
Anti-apoptotic effect	Gastric injury model rats	Epithelial cell apoptosis↓	[7]
	In vitro	Neuronal cell apoptosis↓	[52]
	Neuropathic pain model mouse	Cellular death marker↓	[8]
Anti-diabetic effect	Type 2 diabetes patients	Lactate↓	[11]
Anti-tumor effect	In vitro	Tumor growth and invasion↓	[46]
		Tumor cell transformation↓	[47]

EHW: Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water; IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species.