Table 1.
Results of statistical analyses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of each bacterial species (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) and corresponding MDRB: carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAb), vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE-EFA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) and K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KPN), carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRE-KPN), beta-lactam resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPs-PA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The statistically significant results (a p-value of less than 0.05) are highlighted in bold within the p-value columns.
| Pre-Pandemic Total vs. Pandemic Total—All Patients |
Pre-Pandemic Total vs. Pandemic Non-COVID-19 Patients |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Pre-Pandemic Total |
Pandemic Total—All Patients | Percentage Change |
p-Value | Pre-Pandemic Total |
Pandemic—Non-COVID-19 Patients | Percentage Change |
p-Value |
| Changes in the incidence density of patients with bacterial isolate from clinical samples per 1000 patient days | ||||||||
| A. baumannii | 4.0 | 5.8 | 44.0% | 0.698089 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 64.7% | 0.317535 |
| E. coli | 242.8 | 335.8 | 38.3% | 0.024283 | 242.8 | 372.5 | 53.4% | 0.000130 |
| E. faecium | 30.4 | 51.2 | 68.7% | 0.000142 | 30.4 | 57.4 | 89.0% | 0.000008 |
| K. pneumoniae | 54.3 | 69.8 | 28.6% | 0.731516 | 54.3 | 77.8 | 43.2% | 0.141717 |
| P. aeruginosa | 61.2 | 95.9 | 56.8% | 0.000653 | 61.2 | 106.6 | 74.2% | 0.000003 |
| S. aureus | 137.7 | 204.0 | 48.2% | 0.000952 | 137.7 | 226.0 | 64.2% | 0.000003 |
| Changes in the incidence density of patients with MDRB isolate from all clinical samples per 1000 patient days | ||||||||
| CRAb | 15.5 | 26.3 | 69.3% | 0.243931 | 15.5 | 30.0 | 93.5% | 0.178420 |
| ESBL-EC | 4.3 | 5.7 | 31.3% | 0.899099 | 4.3 | 6.3 | 45.5% | 0.163077 |
| VRE-EFA | 0.9 | 2.7 | 189.4% | 0.019194 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 221.4% | 0.008451 |
| ESBL-KPN | 5.3 | 9.3 | 74.3% | 0.010516 | 5.3 | 10.4 | 94.9% | 0.001176 |
| CRPs-PA | 2.9 | 4.7 | 63.2% | 0.015988 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 81.1% | 0.001869 |
| MRSA | 4.3 | 5.4 | 24.1% | 0.321187 | 4.3 | 5.9 | 36.9% | 0.887303 |
| Changes in the incidence density of patients with blood culture MDRB isolate per 1000 patient days | ||||||||
| CRAb | 11.2 | 15.2 | 36.3% | 0.814302 | 11.2 | 18.2 | 63.5% | 0.781330 |
| ESBL-EC | 5.4 | 7.5 | 38.6% | 0.737137 | 5.4 | 8.3 | 53.8% | 0.343502 |
| VRE-EFA | 0.9 | 4.1 | 334.2% | 0.230420 | 0.9 | 4.6 | 384.0% | 0.220754 |
| ESBL-KPN | 4.6 | 7.4 | 61.9% | 0.385179 | 4.6 | 8.4 | 84.3% | 0.269986 |
| CRPs-PA | 8.4 | 5.4 | −36.1% | 0.052249 | 8.4 | 5.8 | −31.3% | 0.075986 |
| MRSA | 6.0 | 6.3 | 4.7% | 0.215509 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 13.9% | 0.430595 |
| Changes in the incidence density of patients with MDRB isolate from clinical and surveillance samples per 1000 patient days | ||||||||
| CRAb | 2.4 | 3.0 | 24.8% | 0.590810 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 44.5% | 0.834377 |
| ESBL-EC | 46.7 | 57.5 | 23.0% | 0.172265 | 46.7 | 63.4 | 35.8% | 0.321187 |
| VRE-EFA | 2.8 | 10.9 | 294.4% | 0.000000 | 2.8 | 12.4 | 346.7% | 0.000000 |
| ESBL-KPN | 11.9 | 16.9 | 41.6% | 0.487890 | 11.9 | 18.8 | 57.2% | 0.149995 |
| CRE-KPN | 0.9 | 2.2 | 131.9% | 0.003322 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 153.0% | 0.001745 |
| CRPs-PA | 3.9 | 7.4 | 90.4% | 0.002521 | 3.9 | 8.2 | 111.8% | 0.000265 |
| MRSA | 24.9 | 23.8 | −4.3% | 0.000014 | 24.9 | 26.3 | 5.7% | 0.001965 |