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. 2024 Jan 12;11(3):uhae015. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhae015

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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IuABP and IuEXT silencing led to phenotypic changes in spurs. (A) WT flower in the early stage; the curve was not yet formed. (B) abp_s flower in the early stage with 2–3 twisted curves. (C) WT flower in the middle stage, which only had one curve. (D) abp_s flower in the middle stage. (E) WT flower during anthesis. (F) abp_s flower during anthesis. (G–H) Strongly ext_s flowers during anthesis, with shortened spur and loss of curve, some individuals exhibited a distortion of the entire flower (H). (I) Mature WT spurs had distinct papillae on the inner epidermis. (J) The inner epidermis of mature ext_s spurs; most cells had no papillae. Bars = 10 mm in (A–H). Bars =100 μm in (I–J).