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. 2024 Feb 23;9(3):137. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9030137
Algorithm 1. Pseudocode of the BOA.
Start the BOA.
1. Input problem information: variables, objective function, and constraints.
2. Set the BOA population size N and the total number of iterations T.
3. Generate the initial population matrix at random using Equation (2).
4. Evaluate the objective function.
5. Determine the best candidate solution Xbest.
6. For t=1 to T
7.   Update number of decision variables for Botox injections using Equation (4).
8.   For i=1 to N
9.  Determine the variables that are considered for Botox injection using Equation (5).
10.  Calculate the amount of Botox injection using Equation (6).
11.  For j=1 to Nb
12.  Calculate the new position of the ith BOA member using Equation (7).
13.  End
14.  Evaluate the objective function based on Xinew.
15.  Update the ith BOA member using Equation (8).
16.   End
17.   Save the best candidate solution obtained so far.
18.   End
19.   Output the best quasi-optimal solution obtained with the BOA.
End the BOA.