Table 6.
Mediation of social media use through threat perceptions predicting negative emotions against immigrant groups.
| Predicting negative emotions toward American expatriates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects | B | SE | 95% CI | |
| Total | 0.122 | 0.033 | 0.057 | 0.187 |
| Direct | 0.043 | 0.029 | −0.015 | 0.101 |
| Indirect | 0.079 | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.117 |
| SM SYMT NEMO | 0.032 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.055 |
| SM RELT NEMO | 0.047 | 0.013 | 0.025 | 0.077 |
| Predicting negative emotions toward Malays | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects | B | SE | 95% CI | |
| Total | 0.135 | 0.032 | 0.072 | 0.197 |
| Direct | 0.030 | 0.026 | −0.020 | 0.080 |
| Indirect | 0.105 | 0.022 | 0.063 | 0.147 |
| SM SYMT NEMO | 0.042 | 0.013 | 0.019 | 0.070 |
| SM RELT NEMO | 0.063 | 0.016 | 0.035 | 0.096 |
| Predicting negative emotions toward Indians | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects | B | SE | 95% CI | |
| Total | 0.113 | 0.033 | 0.048 | 0.179 |
| Direct | 0.060 | 0.029 | 0.004 | 0.116 |
| Indirect | 0.053 | 0.019 | 0.018 | 0.092 |
| SM SYMT NEMO | 0.034 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.061 |
| SM RELT NEMO | 0.019 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.042 |
1. Analyses performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4; Hayes, 2017) applying 5,000 bootstrapped bias-corrected resample 2. B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; SM, social media use; SYMT, symbolic threat; RELT, realistic threat; NEMO, negative emotions. 3. Statistical controls include age, gender, education, income, race, religion, media use, and contextual control variable.