TABLE 1.

Antibody response to DNA vaccination

Group no.	DNA vaccinationa			Group PRN50 (individuals)b	Group RIP (individuals)c
	Route	Plasmid	No.
1	i.d.	pcDNA3-βgal	2×	−	−
2	i.m.	pcDNA3-βgal	2×	−	−
3	g.g.	pcDNA3-βgal	1×	−	−
4	g.g.	pcDNA3-βgal	2×	−	−
5	g.g.	pP12X3C-mut	1×	−	−
6	g.g.	pP12X3C-mut	2×	− (−, −, −, −, −)	+ (+, −, −, −, +)
7	i.d.	pP12X3C	2×	−	−
8	i.m.	pP12X3C	2×	−	−
9	g.g.	pP12X3C	1×	−	−
10	g.g.	pP12X3C	2×	1.9 (2.5, 2.2, −, −, 1.9)	+ (+, +, +, −, +)
11	g.g.	piP12X3C	1×	− (−, −, −d, −e, −)	+ (−, +, −, +, −)
12	g.g.	piP12X3C	2×	2.5 (2.6, −, 2.2, 2.6, 2.5)	+ (+, −, +, +, +)
13	g.g.	pIRESP12X3C	1×	−	−
14	g.g.	pIRESP12X3C	2×	− (−, −, −, −, −)	+ (+, −, −, +, −)
15	g.g.	piIRESP12X3C	1×	− (−, −, −, −, −f)	+ (+, +, −, −, −)
16	g.g.	piIRESP12X3C	2×	1.9 (2.2, 2.2, −, >2.8, 2.3)	+ (+, +, −, +, +)
17	g.g.	pIRESLP12X3C	1×	−	−
18	g.g.	pIRESLP12X3C	2×	−	−
19	g.g.	piIRESLP12X3C	1×	−	−
20	g.g.	piIRESLP12X3C	2×	−	−

^aGroups of five mice were inoculated once (1×) or twice (2×) i.d., i.m., or epithelially (g.g.) with the indicated plasmid. 

^bLog of PRN₅₀. Serum samples were tested at a 1:4 starting dilution for pooled samples (1:20 for each individual) and at a 1:20 starting dilution for individual samples. −, no neutralization was detected at the highest concentration tested. 

^cTested at a 1:4 dilution for pooled samples (1:20 for each individual in pool) and at a 1:20 dilution for individual samples. +, viral proteins visible on autoradiogram; −, no viral proteins visible on autoradiogram. 

^dStarting dilution, 1:200. 

^eStarting dilution, 1:25. 

^fStarting dilution, 1:62.