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. 2024 Feb 23;12(3):507. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12030507

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Endoscopic ultrasound images of a freeze procedure. (A) Visualization of the FrostBite cryoneedle inserted into liver tissue prior to freeze initiation. (B,C) Visualization and measurement of the resultant frozen tissue masses following a (B) single 3 min and (C) repeat 3 min freeze. Measurement (dotted line) of the frozen tissue mass diameter via endoscopic ultrasound revealed the single freeze protocol (B) yielded a 2.09 cm diameter frozen mass, whereas the repeat 3 min freeze protocol (3/3/3) (C) yielded a 2.4 cm diameter frozen tissue mass.